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Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Sep 4, 2019 · Backend Development

Evolution of Large‑Scale Website Architecture: From Single‑Machine Deployment to Service‑Oriented Systems

This article outlines how large‑scale web applications evolve from simple single‑server deployments through static‑dynamic separation, clustering, database read/write splitting, sharding, service‑oriented architecture, and message queues, emphasizing the trade‑offs and best practices for each architectural stage.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilitydatabase sharding
0 likes · 13 min read
Evolution of Large‑Scale Website Architecture: From Single‑Machine Deployment to Service‑Oriented Systems
Amap Tech
Amap Tech
Aug 27, 2019 · Backend Development

GraphQL + Gateway Orchestration for Multi‑Endpoint Enterprise Online Services: Practices and Improvements

The article describes how Gaode refactored its multi‑endpoint car‑networking services by replacing duplicated REST APIs with atomic GraphQL‑driven services orchestrated through an API gateway, using a lightweight DSL and plugins to handle non‑business concerns, achieving ~60% reduction in custom code and faster development.

Backend ArchitectureDSLService Orchestration
0 likes · 11 min read
GraphQL + Gateway Orchestration for Multi‑Endpoint Enterprise Online Services: Practices and Improvements
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Aug 15, 2019 · Backend Development

Building Real-time Data Push Service for Mini Program Cloud Development: An Interview with Tencent Senior Engineer

In an interview, Tencent senior engineer Zhou Zijie explains how the new real‑time data push service for Mini Program Cloud Development monitors cloud‑database changes and reliably streams updates to mini‑apps via a three‑layer SDK‑middleware‑backend architecture that uses sequential numbering, TARS RPC, and extensive optimizations to achieve low latency, high concurrency, and will launch publicly in August.

Backend ArchitectureMini Program Cloud DevelopmentReal-time Data Push
0 likes · 10 min read
Building Real-time Data Push Service for Mini Program Cloud Development: An Interview with Tencent Senior Engineer
Youzan Coder
Youzan Coder
Aug 9, 2019 · Backend Development

How Youzan Built a Scalable Task Center: Architecture, Idempotency, and Dynamic Config

This article explains why a task center is essential for merchants, outlines its goals, and details the backend architecture—including atomic APIs, Apollo-driven dynamic configuration, idempotent control, workflow orchestration, caching, and asynchronous logging—while also sharing future enhancements.

Backend ArchitectureDynamic ConfigurationIdempotency
0 likes · 8 min read
How Youzan Built a Scalable Task Center: Architecture, Idempotency, and Dynamic Config
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Aug 1, 2019 · Backend Development

How Netflix Scales Microservices: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

This article examines Netflix's evolution from a monolithic platform to a resilient microservice ecosystem on AWS, detailing the architectural layers, key pain points like service failures and data consistency, and the engineering solutions—including circuit breakers, fault‑injection testing, distributed caching, and automated deployment pipelines—that enable massive scale and high availability.

Backend ArchitectureCloud ComputingNetflix
0 likes · 9 min read
How Netflix Scales Microservices: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions
Java Captain
Java Captain
Jul 30, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a High‑Concurrency Seckill Architecture Using Spring Boot

This article presents a comprehensive design for a flash‑sale (seckill) system that handles massive simultaneous requests by combining load balancing, distributed locking, message queues, cache strategies, and fault‑tolerant deployment, and includes a complete Spring Boot code example with detailed architectural diagrams.

Backend ArchitectureSeckillhigh concurrency
0 likes · 7 min read
Design and Implementation of a High‑Concurrency Seckill Architecture Using Spring Boot
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jul 29, 2019 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture at Medium: Lessons, Principles, and Strategies

The article recounts Medium's transition from a monolithic Node.js application to a microservice architecture, explaining the motivations, core design principles, practical strategies, tooling choices, and lessons learned to avoid common pitfalls and improve development velocity and system reliability.

Backend ArchitectureObservabilityservice design
0 likes · 18 min read
Microservice Architecture at Medium: Lessons, Principles, and Strategies
Mafengwo Technology
Mafengwo Technology
Jul 25, 2019 · Backend Development

Revamping MaFengWo’s Membership Platform: Architecture, Identity & Performance

This article details how MaFengWo redesigned its membership system—introducing a SKU‑based identity model, a four‑layer service architecture, performance‑focused concurrency controls, and risk‑mitigation mechanisms—to support a richer, more flexible user experience in the post‑traffic‑bonus era.

Backend ArchitecturePerformance Optimizationidentity strategy
0 likes · 18 min read
Revamping MaFengWo’s Membership Platform: Architecture, Identity & Performance
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Jul 24, 2019 · Backend Development

Order Index Service (OI) 2.0: Architecture Redesign and Platformization at Ctrip

This article details Ctrip's Order Index (OI) service evolution from version 1.0 to 2.0, describing the original architecture, its limitations, the redesign of data synchronization, job scheduling, and query engines, and the resulting platformization that enables faster, more flexible order aggregation across dozens of business lines.

Backend ArchitectureCtripJob Scheduling
0 likes · 13 min read
Order Index Service (OI) 2.0: Architecture Redesign and Platformization at Ctrip
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
Jul 24, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Evolution of Zhihu's Read Service: From Bloom Filter to RBase and TiDB Migration

This article details the architectural design, technical challenges, and iterative evolution of Zhihu's massive read‑service, covering early Bloom‑filter solutions, the RBase cache‑through system, high‑availability and performance optimizations, and the final migration to TiDB for cloud‑native scalability.

Backend ArchitectureCache DesignTiDB migration
0 likes · 24 min read
Design and Evolution of Zhihu's Read Service: From Bloom Filter to RBase and TiDB Migration
Qunhe Technology Quality Tech
Qunhe Technology Quality Tech
Jul 23, 2019 · Backend Development

How Shadow Tables Safeguard Load Testing in Model Platforms

This article explains why shadow links are essential for safe load testing in model middle platforms, how to isolate traffic using shadow tables, and provides a step‑by‑step implementation guide including interface analysis, data preparation, nginx configuration, and risk considerations.

Backend Architectureload-testingnginx
0 likes · 4 min read
How Shadow Tables Safeguard Load Testing in Model Platforms
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Jul 15, 2019 · Backend Development

Why Use Message Queues? Benefits, Drawbacks, and Comparison of Kafka, ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, and RocketMQ

The article explains why message queues are employed for decoupling, asynchronous processing, and load‑shedding, outlines their advantages and disadvantages, and compares popular MQ products such as Kafka, ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, and RocketMQ to guide technology selection.

AsynchronousBackend ArchitectureDecoupling
0 likes · 5 min read
Why Use Message Queues? Benefits, Drawbacks, and Comparison of Kafka, ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, and RocketMQ
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jul 8, 2019 · Backend Development

Evolution and Architecture of MaFengWo Payment Center (Version 1.0 → 2.0)

The article details the evolution of MaFengWo's payment center from a basic payment‑refund module (1.0) to a comprehensive, modular platform (2.0), describing its core capabilities, layered architecture, customizable checkout, routing management, monitoring system, and future micro‑service roadmap.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilitymonitoring
0 likes · 15 min read
Evolution and Architecture of MaFengWo Payment Center (Version 1.0 → 2.0)
NetEase Media Technology Team
NetEase Media Technology Team
Jul 2, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of Feed Stream Architecture for NetEase Open Courses

The article details NetEase Open Courses’ feed‑stream architecture, describing how content ingestion, multi‑level filtering, vertically and horizontally split storage, Elasticsearch indexing, two‑tier caching, and micro‑service orchestration combine to deliver personalized, high‑availability course feeds while addressing scalability, consistency, and operational challenges.

Backend ArchitectureCachingcontent ingestion
0 likes · 16 min read
Design and Implementation of Feed Stream Architecture for NetEase Open Courses
Architecture Talk
Architecture Talk
Jun 30, 2019 · Backend Development

From Single Server to Cloud‑Native: Taobao’s 14‑Step Architecture Evolution

This article uses Taobao as a case study to trace the evolution of its server‑side architecture from a single‑machine setup to a cloud‑native, micro‑service ecosystem, detailing each scaling milestone, the technologies involved, and the design principles that guide high‑availability, high‑concurrency systems.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilitymicroservices
0 likes · 21 min read
From Single Server to Cloud‑Native: Taobao’s 14‑Step Architecture Evolution
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 29, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Solutions for High Availability and High Concurrency in Weibo Short Video Service

The article presents a detailed analysis of Weibo's short‑video platform architecture, covering team background, business scenarios, micro‑service design, feed‑pull model, multi‑level distributed caching, multi‑datacenter HA deployment, circuit‑breaker mechanisms, and elastic scaling to achieve high availability under unpredictable traffic spikes.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed CacheWeibo
0 likes · 12 min read
Design and Solutions for High Availability and High Concurrency in Weibo Short Video Service
58 Tech
58 Tech
May 21, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Architecture of WOS: 58 Group's Self‑Developed Object Storage System

This article presents the architecture and key design features of WOS, the 58 Group’s self‑developed object storage system, covering its overall framework, proxy, store, directory, detector modules, fast‑upload “秒传” mechanism, and erasure‑coding solution for efficient, scalable, and reliable unstructured data storage.

Backend ArchitectureObject StorageWOS
0 likes · 12 min read
Design and Architecture of WOS: 58 Group's Self‑Developed Object Storage System
Java Captain
Java Captain
May 19, 2019 · Backend Development

Flash Sale (Seckill) System Design and Technical Challenges

This article analyzes the business flow of flash‑sale (seckill) activities, identifies the high‑concurrency technical challenges, and presents a comprehensive backend architecture—including frontend static page handling, request throttling, service‑layer queuing, database sharding, caching, optimistic locking, and anti‑cheating measures—to ensure reliability, scalability, and data consistency.

Backend ArchitectureOptimistic Lockdatabase sharding
0 likes · 33 min read
Flash Sale (Seckill) System Design and Technical Challenges
NetEase Media Technology Team
NetEase Media Technology Team
May 16, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Configurable, Extensible Content Processing System (Apollo)

Apollo is a configurable, extensible content‑processing platform that models each step as a node defined in a configuration file, supports multiple implementations for A/B testing, decouples producers and consumers via Kafka, ensures fault‑tolerant retries and replay, captures fine‑grained metrics through Canal‑to‑TiDB pipelines, and cuts new‑type development effort to roughly ten percent of the original cost while delivering high‑quality data to downstream teams.

Backend ArchitectureKafkaTiDB
0 likes · 9 min read
Design and Implementation of a Configurable, Extensible Content Processing System (Apollo)
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 27, 2019 · Backend Development

Scalable Distributed System Design Using the Cube Model (X/Y/Z Axis Expansion)

The article introduces the Cube Model for scalable microservice architectures, explaining how X‑axis (horizontal scaling), Y‑axis (functional decomposition) and Z‑axis (data partitioning and isolation) expansions address capacity, complexity, and differentiated service demands in high‑traffic distributed systems.

Backend ArchitectureData PartitioningScalability
0 likes · 9 min read
Scalable Distributed System Design Using the Cube Model (X/Y/Z Axis Expansion)
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Apr 23, 2019 · Backend Development

How to Effectively Split a Large System into Microservices?

This article explains how to determine the appropriate number of microservices for a large system and outlines four practical splitting strategies—by business logic, scalability, reliability, and performance—while emphasizing team size and service granularity to balance maintainability and efficiency.

Backend ArchitectureSystem Designmicroservices
0 likes · 6 min read
How to Effectively Split a Large System into Microservices?
21CTO
21CTO
Apr 3, 2019 · Backend Development

From LAMP to AI: A 10‑Year Journey Through Backend Architecture

This article reviews a decade‑long evolution of backend engineering—from early LAMP stacks to modern micro‑services, middleware, cloud, big data, AI, and containerization—explaining why new developers need to understand each layer's role in today’s complex internet systems.

AIBackend ArchitectureDocker
0 likes · 25 min read
From LAMP to AI: A 10‑Year Journey Through Backend Architecture
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Mar 30, 2019 · Backend Development

Mastering Load Balancing: LVS, Nginx, and HAProxy Explained

This article explores server clustering and load‑balancing fundamentals, detailing how LVS, Nginx, and HAProxy operate at different OSI layers, their deployment scenarios, architectures, modes, strengths, and weaknesses, and offers practical guidance for choosing the right solution in modern backend systems.

Backend ArchitectureHAProxyLVS
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering Load Balancing: LVS, Nginx, and HAProxy Explained
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Mar 25, 2019 · Backend Development

Designing a Message Queue: Architecture, Protocols, Storage, and Consumption Management

This article explores the fundamental design of a message queue system, covering overall architecture with producers, brokers, and consumers, key design considerations for the broker, communication protocols such as JMS and AMQP, storage options, and strategies for managing consumption relationships and advanced features.

Backend ArchitectureCommunication ProtocolConsumer Management
0 likes · 8 min read
Designing a Message Queue: Architecture, Protocols, Storage, and Consumption Management
JD Tech Talk
JD Tech Talk
Mar 19, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of JD Finance’s LEGO Backend System for Dynamic Page Configuration

The article describes the motivation, analysis, architecture, performance optimizations, development challenges, and future plans of JD Finance’s LEGO backend platform, which uses Spring Boot, SpEL, Redis, and reactive programming to enable dynamic, high‑performance page configuration for a high‑traffic mobile app.

Backend ArchitecturePerformance OptimizationRedis
0 likes · 10 min read
Design and Implementation of JD Finance’s LEGO Backend System for Dynamic Page Configuration
System Architect Go
System Architect Go
Mar 2, 2019 · Backend Development

Mastering NSQ: Deep Dive into Architecture, Configurations, and Best Practices

This article provides a comprehensive overview of NSQ, covering its core components, message flow, producer and consumer interactions, key configuration parameters, handling of timeouts, backoff mechanisms, service discovery with nsqlookupd, and practical considerations for scaling and reliability.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed SystemsMessage Queue
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering NSQ: Deep Dive into Architecture, Configurations, and Best Practices
58 Tech
58 Tech
Feb 26, 2019 · Backend Development

Architecture Evolution of the WeChat‑like Instant Messaging Service at 58 Group

The article details the step‑by‑step evolution of the WeChat‑like instant messaging platform at 58 Group, describing how the system transitioned from a simple PHP short‑connection architecture to a layered micro‑service architecture using Java‑based RPC, Go‑based short‑connection services, distributed storage, message queues, and clear separation of storage, logic, and interface layers.

Backend ArchitectureGoInstant Messaging
0 likes · 12 min read
Architecture Evolution of the WeChat‑like Instant Messaging Service at 58 Group
G7 EasyFlow Tech Circle
G7 EasyFlow Tech Circle
Jan 31, 2019 · Backend Development

How G7’s Financial Strategy Center Revolutionizes Risk Control with Unified Rule Management

The article explains how G7's Financial Strategy Center unifies risk‑control rules into a strategy platform, detailing its benefits, underlying architecture, rule‑engine processing steps, and the supporting indicator service that together streamline development, deployment, and management of complex financial risk policies.

Backend ArchitectureRule Enginefinancial technology
0 likes · 6 min read
How G7’s Financial Strategy Center Revolutionizes Risk Control with Unified Rule Management
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Jan 22, 2019 · Cloud Native

Microservice Design Patterns: Database, Observability, and Cross‑Cutting Concerns

This article introduces a series of microservice design patterns—including database isolation, observability, and cross‑cutting concerns—explaining the underlying problems each pattern solves and providing concrete solutions such as CQRS, Saga, log aggregation, health checks, and blue‑green deployments.

Backend ArchitectureCircuit BreakerCloud Native
0 likes · 13 min read
Microservice Design Patterns: Database, Observability, and Cross‑Cutting Concerns
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Jan 22, 2019 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture Design Patterns: Decomposition and Integration Patterns (Part 1)

This article introduces microservice architecture design patterns, covering core architectural principles, decomposition approaches such as business‑capability, sub‑domain, and strangler patterns, and integration solutions like API‑gateway, aggregator, and client‑side UI composition, while highlighting common challenges and their remedies.

Backend ArchitectureDesign Patternsapi-gateway
0 likes · 7 min read
Microservice Architecture Design Patterns: Decomposition and Integration Patterns (Part 1)
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Jan 17, 2019 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture Design Patterns – Decomposition and Integration Patterns (Part 1)

This article introduces key microservice design patterns, covering decomposition approaches such as business‑capability and sub‑domain splits, the Strangler pattern, and integration solutions like API‑gateway, aggregator, and client‑UI composition, while outlining core microservice principles and challenges.

Backend ArchitectureDesign Patternsapi-gateway
0 likes · 8 min read
Microservice Architecture Design Patterns – Decomposition and Integration Patterns (Part 1)
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Jan 15, 2019 · Backend Development

7 Essential Strategies to Build High‑Concurrency Back‑End Systems

Designing high‑concurrency applications requires adopting stateless services, modular decomposition, service‑oriented architecture, message queues, data heterogeneity handling, multi‑layer caching, and parallel processing, each illustrated with practical e‑commerce examples that balance scalability, fault tolerance, and eventual consistency.

Backend ArchitectureCachingScalability
0 likes · 7 min read
7 Essential Strategies to Build High‑Concurrency Back‑End Systems
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 13, 2019 · Backend Development

From Copy‑Paste to Scalable Lottery Platforms: A Backend Engineer’s Guide

This article explains how to move beyond naive copy‑paste development of lottery back‑ends by abstracting business logic into a reusable platform, covering database sharding, micro‑service architecture, common and custom modules, performance, deployment, and security considerations for a robust, SaaS‑like solution.

Backend Architecturedatabase shardingplatform design
0 likes · 18 min read
From Copy‑Paste to Scalable Lottery Platforms: A Backend Engineer’s Guide
Beike Product & Technology
Beike Product & Technology
Jan 10, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of the AB Experiment Platform at Beike Zhaofang

The article details the design principles, layered traffic allocation model, architecture, data processing pipeline, and operational experience of the AB experiment platform used at Beike Zhaofang, highlighting its web, API, and storage layers, gray‑release capabilities, current limitations, and future improvements.

AB testingBackend ArchitectureExperiment Platform
0 likes · 15 min read
Design and Implementation of the AB Experiment Platform at Beike Zhaofang
JD Tech
JD Tech
Jan 2, 2019 · Backend Development

Evolution and Optimization of JD Daojia's Location Service System

This article explains how JD Daojia's location system, which powers store discovery and distance calculations for its O2O platform, has evolved through multiple architectural stages, addressed precision and performance challenges, and been optimized with indexing, Mercator projection, and traffic‑shaping techniques to achieve stable, high‑availability service.

Backend ArchitectureGISPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 10 min read
Evolution and Optimization of JD Daojia's Location Service System
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Dec 23, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Implement a Simple Microservices Architecture for Faster Development

This article explains a practical, simplified microservices architecture that focuses on essential components such as service registry, discovery, load balancing, and API gateways, and provides step‑by‑step guidance on implementation, deployment, and operations to improve development speed, maintainability, and scalability for typical enterprise projects.

Backend Architectureload balancingmicroservices
0 likes · 14 min read
How to Implement a Simple Microservices Architecture for Faster Development
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Dec 19, 2018 · Backend Development

Mastering Rate Limiting: When to Use Fixed, Sliding, Leaky or Token Buckets

This article explains the difference between rate limiting and circuit breaking, shows how to determine system capacity, compares fixed‑window, sliding‑window, leaky‑bucket and token‑bucket algorithms with code examples, and offers best‑practice guidance for applying them in distributed backend systems.

Backend ArchitectureCircuit BreakingDistributed Systems
0 likes · 15 min read
Mastering Rate Limiting: When to Use Fixed, Sliding, Leaky or Token Buckets
Youzan Coder
Youzan Coder
Dec 10, 2018 · Backend Development

How Youzan Scaled Order Export to Millions with ES, HBase, and Config‑Driven Design

This article examines the challenges of Youzan's order export system, describes the migration from PHP‑based scripts to an Elasticsearch and HBase stack, and details the step‑by‑step configuration‑driven refactor—including enum field definitions, Groovy scripts, strategy patterns, plugin architecture, and quality‑assurance practices—that enabled million‑order exports with high performance and stability.

Backend ArchitectureElasticsearchGroovy
0 likes · 13 min read
How Youzan Scaled Order Export to Millions with ES, HBase, and Config‑Driven Design
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Dec 8, 2018 · Backend Development

Implementation and Optimization of a High-Concurrency Live Quiz System

This article details the design and performance optimization of a live quiz platform, covering overall architecture, user info retrieval, answer submission handling, anti-cheating measures, and Tomcat configuration, highlighting techniques such as request distribution, in‑process caching, asynchronous processing, MQ peak‑shaving, and Redis aggregation.

Backend ArchitectureRedishigh concurrency
0 likes · 11 min read
Implementation and Optimization of a High-Concurrency Live Quiz System
Youzan Coder
Youzan Coder
Dec 7, 2018 · Backend Development

How Youzan Scaled Order Management: Sharding, Elasticsearch, and HBase

The article details Youzan's three‑stage evolution of its order management system—from database sharding to Elasticsearch‑based cross‑table search and finally HBase for fast detail assembly—while addressing data sync, real‑time consistency, and idempotency strategies.

Backend ArchitectureOrder ManagementSharding
0 likes · 9 min read
How Youzan Scaled Order Management: Sharding, Elasticsearch, and HBase
21CTO
21CTO
Dec 6, 2018 · Backend Development

How Medium Scaled with Microservices: Lessons to Avoid the “Microservice Syndrome”

Medium’s engineering team recounts how they transitioned from a monolithic Node.js app to a microservice architecture, outlining three core design principles, practical strategies for service boundaries, data storage, networking, deployment, monitoring, and how to avoid common microservice pitfalls.

Backend ArchitectureDevOpsmicroservices
0 likes · 14 min read
How Medium Scaled with Microservices: Lessons to Avoid the “Microservice Syndrome”
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Nov 22, 2018 · Backend Development

How Medium Scaled with Microservices: Principles and Real-World Strategies

Medium transitioned from a monolithic Node.js app to a microservice architecture by adhering to three core principles—single purpose, loose coupling, and high cohesion—and implementing strategies such as dedicated services, avoiding shared storage, using Service Mesh, gRPC, Kubernetes, and comprehensive monitoring.

Backend ArchitectureKubernetesMedium
0 likes · 10 min read
How Medium Scaled with Microservices: Principles and Real-World Strategies
Node Underground
Node Underground
Nov 15, 2018 · Backend Development

Why and How to Adopt Microservices: Lessons from a Node.js Migration

This article explains the goals, principles, and practical reasons for moving from a monolithic Node.js application to a microservice architecture, outlining design guidelines and a seven‑point strategy to avoid common pitfalls and improve performance, scalability, and team productivity.

Backend ArchitectureSystem Designmicroservices
0 likes · 9 min read
Why and How to Adopt Microservices: Lessons from a Node.js Migration
Architect's Tech Stack
Architect's Tech Stack
Nov 12, 2018 · Backend Development

Designing a High-Concurrency Flash Sale System with Redis Caching and Lua Scripts

This article explains how to build a high‑concurrency flash‑sale (秒杀) system by separating static page traffic with CDN, using read‑write‑split Redis for early request filtering, applying Lua scripts for atomic inventory deduction, and employing Redis as a simple message queue for asynchronous order persistence.

Backend ArchitectureLuaMessage Queue
0 likes · 9 min read
Designing a High-Concurrency Flash Sale System with Redis Caching and Lua Scripts
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
Nov 6, 2018 · Backend Development

Mastering Microservice Design Patterns: Decomposition & Integration Strategies

This article introduces microservice architecture design patterns, covering decomposition and integration patterns, their associated challenges, and practical solutions such as business‑capability decomposition, domain‑driven design, API‑gateway and aggregator patterns, helping developers tackle scalability, resilience, and maintainability in modern backend systems.

Backend ArchitectureDesign Patternsdecomposition
0 likes · 9 min read
Mastering Microservice Design Patterns: Decomposition & Integration Strategies
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
Nov 6, 2018 · Backend Development

Interview with GIAC Microservices Lecturer Hu Zhongxiang on Weibo's Microservices Practices

In this interview, Weibo’s microservices expert Hu Zhongxiang discusses the advantages of microservice architecture for handling sudden traffic spikes, challenges in implementation, service splitting strategies, the link between microservices and cloud‑native, and offers learning recommendations and insights for the upcoming GIAC conference.

Backend ArchitectureGIACWeibo
0 likes · 8 min read
Interview with GIAC Microservices Lecturer Hu Zhongxiang on Weibo's Microservices Practices
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Oct 15, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Implement a Simple Microservices Architecture: Practical Steps and Tools

This article explains the concept of a simple microservices architecture, outlines essential components such as service registry, discovery, load balancing and API gateway, compares three load‑balancing approaches, and provides concrete implementation guidance using Eureka, Ribbon, Zuul and related DevOps practices.

Backend Architectureeurekaload balancing
0 likes · 13 min read
How to Implement a Simple Microservices Architecture: Practical Steps and Tools
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Oct 12, 2018 · Backend Development

From Zero to Scalable Logistics: A Real‑World Backend Architecture Evolution

This article narrates the step‑by‑step evolution of a cross‑border e‑commerce logistics platform, detailing how its backend architecture was repeatedly redesigned—from a simple 1.0 system to a robust, fault‑tolerant 3.0 solution—driven by growing business needs, performance challenges, and reliability lessons.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 16 min read
From Zero to Scalable Logistics: A Real‑World Backend Architecture Evolution
JD Tech
JD Tech
Oct 9, 2018 · Backend Development

Closed‑Loop Architecture Practices for JD Product Detail Page Service

This article shares detailed, still‑relevant architectural practices from a 2015 internal JD training PPT, covering service monitoring gaps, stateless design, Nginx + Lua caching, Twemproxy‑Redis sharding, connection management, timeout settings, upstream strategies, Java/Tomcat tuning, and other performance‑optimizing techniques for high‑concurrency e‑commerce systems.

Backend ArchitectureTomcat
0 likes · 12 min read
Closed‑Loop Architecture Practices for JD Product Detail Page Service
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Sep 20, 2018 · Operations

Design and Evolution of APPKIT: A Scalable Mobile Operation Configuration Platform

APPKIT is a scalable, JSON‑driven configuration platform that streamlines Meituan and Dazhong Dianping’s mobile operation resources through a three‑stage workflow, SDK‑based caching, and layered architecture, dramatically reducing release cycles, latency, and central‑service load while supporting multi‑platform deployment and robust monitoring.

Backend ArchitectureSDKconfiguration platform
0 likes · 19 min read
Design and Evolution of APPKIT: A Scalable Mobile Operation Configuration Platform
58 Tech
58 Tech
Sep 19, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Optimization of MicroChat Backend Architecture for Multi-Device Message Synchronization

The article explains the MicroChat instant‑messaging backend architecture, detailing its long‑connection, access, logic, and storage layers, and describes how message synchronization, offline handling, hole‑filling, unread count roaming, and read receipts are implemented and optimized for multi‑device use.

Backend ArchitectureIMRead Receipts
0 likes · 15 min read
Design and Optimization of MicroChat Backend Architecture for Multi-Device Message Synchronization
HomeTech
HomeTech
Sep 18, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a High‑Availability Red Envelope (Coupon) System

This article presents a comprehensive design of a high‑availability red‑envelope system, covering its data model, generation, distribution, verification, query optimization, and product tagging strategies, while detailing the use of Redis, distributed locks, MQ, and caching to meet complex business scenarios.

Backend ArchitectureCoupon SystemRed Envelope
0 likes · 15 min read
Design and Implementation of a High‑Availability Red Envelope (Coupon) System
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 15, 2018 · Backend Development

Laravel Architecture Deep Dive: Repositories, Services, Presenters, Transformers

The article summarizes a video on Laravel project structuring, explaining how separating responsibilities into layers such as Repository for data access, Service for business logic, Presenter for view preparation, Transformer for data shaping, and Formatter for consistent API responses improves maintainability and scalability.

Backend ArchitectureLaravelPresenter
0 likes · 6 min read
Laravel Architecture Deep Dive: Repositories, Services, Presenters, Transformers
Zhongtong Tech
Zhongtong Tech
Sep 7, 2018 · Backend Development

How Zhongtong Scaled to Billions‑Level Billing with the Pangu Distributed Backend

This article details how Zhongtong's finance‑information department built the Pangu system—a distributed, micro‑service‑based backend leveraging sharding, Elasticsearch, Kafka‑like messaging, and Hadoop—to handle over a billion daily scan records, achieve real‑time billing, and support multi‑year growth.

Backend Architecturescalable billing
0 likes · 8 min read
How Zhongtong Scaled to Billions‑Level Billing with the Pangu Distributed Backend
Dada Group Technology
Dada Group Technology
Aug 31, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Evolution of an Order Dispatch System for Instant Delivery Platforms

This article describes the end‑to‑end evolution of a large‑scale order dispatch architecture, covering the shift from simple pool display to algorithmic assignment using data mining, genetic algorithms, timing‑wheel scheduling, and a Redis‑backed implementation to improve delivery efficiency and rider experience.

Backend ArchitectureInstant DeliveryRedis
0 likes · 11 min read
Design and Evolution of an Order Dispatch System for Instant Delivery Platforms
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Aug 21, 2018 · Backend Development

Architecture Evolution and Microservice Practices at Toutiao

The article examines the pressures on Toutiao's architecture, outlines its three-stage evolution from a simple three‑tier system to a split architecture and finally microservices, and details the service‑registration, authorization, and custom RPC framework that enable rapid, reliable backend development.

Backend ArchitectureRPC FrameworkService Registration
0 likes · 13 min read
Architecture Evolution and Microservice Practices at Toutiao
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Aug 21, 2018 · Backend Development

Mastering Domain‑Driven Design: From Data Models to Rich Domain Objects

This article explores practical Domain‑Driven Design in a B‑to‑B setting, comparing data‑centric and object‑centric modeling, illustrating blood‑loss, anemia, and rich models, and showing how dependency injection, testing strategies, repository abstractions, and deployment architectures can improve software quality and maintainability.

Backend ArchitectureDomain‑Driven DesignRepository Pattern
0 likes · 15 min read
Mastering Domain‑Driven Design: From Data Models to Rich Domain Objects
Java Captain
Java Captain
Aug 18, 2018 · Backend Development

Key Characteristics and Architectural Strategies for Large-Scale Websites

The article outlines the defining traits of large‑scale websites—high concurrency, massive traffic, high availability, and huge data volumes—and explains how their architecture evolves from a single‑server setup to layered, distributed systems using caching, load balancing, database read/write splitting, CDN, NoSQL, and service isolation.

Backend ArchitectureCachingdatabase replication
0 likes · 7 min read
Key Characteristics and Architectural Strategies for Large-Scale Websites
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Aug 18, 2018 · Backend Development

Why Service Isolation Is Essential for Fault‑Tolerant Backend Systems

The article explains the concept of service isolation, its origins in shipbuilding, why it’s crucial for reducing fault impact in software systems, practical approaches such as functional and user‑based isolation, their trade‑offs, and key design principles to ensure reliable, maintainable back‑end architectures.

Backend ArchitectureMulti‑tenantfault tolerance
0 likes · 7 min read
Why Service Isolation Is Essential for Fault‑Tolerant Backend Systems
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Aug 14, 2018 · Backend Development

Mastering Microservice Architecture: 10 Essential Design Principles

This article outlines ten crucial design principles for building robust microservice systems, covering API gateways, stateless services, database scaling, caching, service splitting, orchestration, configuration management, logging, resilience patterns, and comprehensive monitoring to ensure high performance and reliability.

Backend ArchitectureCircuit Breakerapi-gateway
0 likes · 12 min read
Mastering Microservice Architecture: 10 Essential Design Principles
Big Data and Microservices
Big Data and Microservices
Jul 30, 2018 · Backend Development

Six Essential Microservice Design Patterns and When to Apply Them

This article outlines six fundamental microservice design patterns—Aggregator, Proxy, Chain, Branch, Data‑Sharing, and Asynchronous Messaging—explaining their structures, use‑cases, scalability characteristics, and potential pitfalls to help architects choose the right approach for their systems.

Backend ArchitectureDesign PatternsScalability
0 likes · 5 min read
Six Essential Microservice Design Patterns and When to Apply Them
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Jul 23, 2018 · Backend Development

Mastering Application Layering: Best Practices for Clean Backend Architecture

This article explains why clear application layering matters, outlines Alibaba's recommended layer structure, proposes an optimized layering model with distinct responsibilities, and details domain model conventions to improve code reuse, maintainability, and team collaboration in backend development.

Backend ArchitectureControllerLayered Design
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering Application Layering: Best Practices for Clean Backend Architecture
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Jul 17, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Split and Evolve Large-Scale Backend Systems for Scalability and Resilience

This article explains why growing business complexity and throughput demands force system decoupling and architectural upgrades, then details practical approaches to system splitting—including horizontal scaling, vertical and business partitioning—and describes the subsequent structural evolution with caching, sharding, and micro‑service patterns.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilitysystem splitting
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Split and Evolve Large-Scale Backend Systems for Scalability and Resilience
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jul 13, 2018 · Fundamentals

Tomcat’s Use of Facade, Observer, Command & Chain of Responsibility Patterns

This article explains the principles of the Facade, Observer, Command, and Chain of Responsibility design patterns, illustrates how Tomcat implements each with class diagrams and code snippets, and shows how these patterns help organize subsystems, manage events, delegate actions, and streamline request processing in a Java server.

Backend ArchitectureTomcatsoftware engineering
0 likes · 10 min read
Tomcat’s Use of Facade, Observer, Command & Chain of Responsibility Patterns
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jul 7, 2018 · Backend Development

Lessons and Reflections on Service‑Oriented Architecture and Microservice Evolution at Zhihu

The article shares Zhihu's multi‑year journey toward service‑oriented architecture, discussing the motivations, practical challenges, design trade‑offs, and lessons learned from microservice, RPC, and SSO‑based vertical splitting, as well as guidelines for defining service boundaries and layering.

Backend ArchitectureRPCSSO
0 likes · 10 min read
Lessons and Reflections on Service‑Oriented Architecture and Microservice Evolution at Zhihu
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jul 4, 2018 · Backend Development

Understanding Dubbo's Layered Architecture and Core Components

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Alibaba's open‑source Dubbo framework, detailing its ten‑layer architecture, the roles of providers and consumers, service registration, monitoring, protocol support, and the organization of its Maven modules for building distributed backend services.

Backend Architectureservice framework
0 likes · 10 min read
Understanding Dubbo's Layered Architecture and Core Components
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 29, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a High‑Concurrency Seckill System Using SpringBoot

This article presents a comprehensive design of a flash‑sale (seckill) architecture, covering business characteristics, user scale, layered system components, optimization strategies, full‑link stress testing, and a complete SpringBoot code example with distributed locks, message queues, and database sharding.

Backend ArchitectureSeckilldistributed-lock
0 likes · 7 min read
Design and Implementation of a High‑Concurrency Seckill System Using SpringBoot
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Jun 26, 2018 · Backend Development

Decentralized Design and Architecture of QTalk Instant Messaging System

This article examines the evolution of QTalk’s instant messaging platform, detailing its original centralized design, the motivations for decentralization, the new architecture with domain and public services, security benefits, deployment strategies, and real-world use cases, illustrating how a scalable, secure IM solution can be built for enterprise environments.

Backend ArchitectureDecentralizationDeployment
0 likes · 10 min read
Decentralized Design and Architecture of QTalk Instant Messaging System
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 17, 2018 · Backend Development

From Moore's Law to Distributed Architecture: Load Balancing, Session Management, and Database Sharding

The article explains how the slowdown of Moore's Law drives the shift from monolithic applications to distributed systems, covering load balancing, session handling strategies, read‑write separation, and database sharding to achieve scalable, high‑availability backend architectures.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed SystemsSession Management
0 likes · 8 min read
From Moore's Law to Distributed Architecture: Load Balancing, Session Management, and Database Sharding
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jun 3, 2018 · Backend Development

Designing a China‑Style Microservice Stack 2.0: Practical Component Guide

This article presents a practical, China‑focused microservice reference stack built on Spring Cloud, detailing core support components such as Zuul, Eureka, Apollo, and Spring Boot, as well as monitoring tools like Kafka, ELK, CAT, KairosDB, ZMon, and Hystrix, and explains when and how to apply each in production environments.

ApolloBackend ArchitectureKafka
0 likes · 20 min read
Designing a China‑Style Microservice Stack 2.0: Practical Component Guide
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Jun 1, 2018 · Backend Development

Building Tencent Xinge: Architecture and Practices for Massive Mobile Push Service

The talk details Tencent Xinge’s architecture and cloud‑native practices that enable hundred‑billion‑level mobile push, combining terminal integration, real‑time backend filtering, distributed bitmap selection, precise‑push AI models, and DevOps pipelines to deliver fast, scalable, data‑driven notifications with effect tracking.

Backend ArchitectureBig DataDistributed Systems
0 likes · 18 min read
Building Tencent Xinge: Architecture and Practices for Massive Mobile Push Service
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
May 31, 2018 · Backend Development

Designing a China‑Style Microservices Stack: 11 Essential Components

This article presents a practical, China‑centric microservices reference stack built on Spring Cloud, detailing eleven core components—including Zuul, Eureka, Apollo, Kafka, ELK, and Hystrix—while comparing them with alternatives and offering guidance for architects to avoid common pitfalls and accelerate production‑grade deployments.

Backend Architecturemicroservicesmonitoring
0 likes · 17 min read
Designing a China‑Style Microservices Stack: 11 Essential Components
JD Tech
JD Tech
May 31, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Architecture of a Unified MySQL Data Synchronization Platform

This article details the design of a unified MySQL data synchronization platform that consolidates offline sync, real‑time subscription, and real‑time sync into BatchJob, StreamJob, and PieJob abstractions, describing task implementations, cluster architecture, high‑availability mechanisms, and evolution challenges such as file loss and metadata handling.

Backend ArchitectureBatch ProcessingMySQL
0 likes · 10 min read
Design and Architecture of a Unified MySQL Data Synchronization Platform
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 25, 2018 · Backend Development

Modular Design, Service Extraction, and High‑Concurrency Optimization Practices for Backend Development

This article explains how modular design and service extraction can reduce system complexity and improve reusability, illustrates practical before‑and‑after examples for red‑packet and notification services, and details high‑concurrency techniques such as caching, asynchronous processing, rate limiting, service degradation, anti‑fraud measures, and concurrency‑safe database operations.

Backend ArchitectureCachingModular Design
0 likes · 13 min read
Modular Design, Service Extraction, and High‑Concurrency Optimization Practices for Backend Development
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 29, 2018 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Concurrency Architecture for Large‑Scale E‑Commerce Applications

This article outlines practical strategies for building high‑concurrency back‑end systems—including server architecture, load balancing, database clustering, caching, message queues, asynchronous processing, and service‑oriented design—to ensure smooth operation of traffic‑intensive e‑commerce services.

Backend ArchitectureCachingDistributed Systems
0 likes · 19 min read
Designing High‑Concurrency Architecture for Large‑Scale E‑Commerce Applications
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 23, 2018 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Concurrency Architecture: Principles, Idempotency, Rate Limiting and a Token‑Bucket Demo

The article explains how to design a backend architecture that can handle millions of concurrent requests by applying principles such as service decomposition, high availability, idempotent business logic, and various rate‑limiting algorithms—including sliding window, leaky bucket and token bucket—with a runnable Java demo.

Backend ArchitectureIdempotencyRate Limiting
0 likes · 11 min read
Designing High‑Concurrency Architecture: Principles, Idempotency, Rate Limiting and a Token‑Bucket Demo
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Apr 17, 2018 · Backend Development

Evolution of Ctrip Image Service Architecture: From Simple NFS to a Scalable Go‑Based System

This article details the three‑stage evolution of Ctrip's image service architecture—from an early NFS‑backed design with Squid caching, through a Varnish‑and‑Lua powered middle stage, to the current Go‑based multi‑process system using FastDFS—highlighting the challenges, solutions, and performance outcomes.

Backend ArchitectureCachingFastDFS
0 likes · 9 min read
Evolution of Ctrip Image Service Architecture: From Simple NFS to a Scalable Go‑Based System
Snowball Engineer Team
Snowball Engineer Team
Mar 30, 2018 · Backend Development

Design, Migration, and Optimization of Snowball's Self‑Built Fund Trading System

This article details Snowball's evolution from a third‑party fund trading platform to a self‑developed backend system, covering business flow, architectural redesign, phased user migration, payment channel optimization, and the operational benefits achieved through the new solution.

Backend ArchitecturePayment IntegrationSystem Migration
0 likes · 11 min read
Design, Migration, and Optimization of Snowball's Self‑Built Fund Trading System
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Mar 29, 2018 · Backend Development

When to Split a Monolith into Microservices: Practical Guidelines and a Step‑by‑Step Example

The article examines the advantages and drawbacks of microservices versus monolithic architectures, outlines key factors that influence the decision to split, and walks through a real‑world shared‑points project, detailing a four‑step process for decomposing a monolith into independent services.

Backend ArchitectureGoProtobuf
0 likes · 10 min read
When to Split a Monolith into Microservices: Practical Guidelines and a Step‑by‑Step Example
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 23, 2018 · Backend Development

From Single Server to Billion-User Scale: A Java Backend Architecture Evolution Guide

This article walks through the step‑by‑step evolution of a Java website—from a single‑machine setup to a multi‑tier, load‑balanced, sharded, cached, and service‑oriented architecture capable of handling billions of requests—detailing the challenges and solutions at each stage.

Backend ArchitectureCachingJava
0 likes · 18 min read
From Single Server to Billion-User Scale: A Java Backend Architecture Evolution Guide
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Mar 13, 2018 · Backend Development

How a Three‑Tier Cache (Nginx + Redis + Ehcache) Boosts High‑Concurrency Systems

This article explains how a three‑layer caching architecture—combining Nginx, Redis, and Ehcache—along with template engines, double‑Nginx routing, persistence mechanisms, cluster setups, and various cache‑update strategies can dramatically improve hit rates, reduce database pressure, and prevent cache‑related failures in high‑traffic applications.

Backend ArchitectureCachingEhcache
0 likes · 17 min read
How a Three‑Tier Cache (Nginx + Redis + Ehcache) Boosts High‑Concurrency Systems
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Mar 12, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Choose the Right Message Queue: Practical Insights Beyond the Hype

This article shares a seasoned developer’s perspective on selecting a message‑queue middleware, outlining typical adoption stages, three key evaluation criteria—coder expertise, current and future requirements, and community/ecosystem health—and offering candid advice on avoiding common pitfalls.

Backend ArchitectureKafkaMQ selection
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Choose the Right Message Queue: Practical Insights Beyond the Hype
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Feb 28, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Build a High‑Performance Flash‑Sale System: Architecture & Strategies

This article explains what a flash‑sale (秒杀) is, outlines its technical challenges such as massive concurrency and database load, and presents practical strategies and architectural designs—including independent deployment, static pages, CDN bandwidth leasing, dynamic URL generation, and order‑handling mechanisms—to reliably support ultra‑high traffic spikes.

Backend ArchitectureCDNflash sale
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Build a High‑Performance Flash‑Sale System: Architecture & Strategies
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Feb 22, 2018 · Backend Development

From Single Server to Global Scale: Evolution of Large Website Architecture

This article explores the defining traits of large‑scale websites and walks through the step‑by‑step evolution of their architecture—from single‑server setups to distributed systems with caching, load balancing, database sharding, and micro‑services—while highlighting common design pitfalls and best‑practice recommendations.

Backend ArchitectureCachingDistributed Systems
0 likes · 8 min read
From Single Server to Global Scale: Evolution of Large Website Architecture
Tencent TDS Service
Tencent TDS Service
Feb 1, 2018 · Backend Development

How a TV App’s Waterfall Layout Boosted User Engagement and Efficiency

This article details the redesign of a TV app from a horizontal layout to a waterfall flow, explaining the project timeline, advantages, new seven‑layer architecture, CMS‑driven configuration, compatibility handling, pagination strategies, caching, and fault‑tolerance measures that together improved user conversion and system robustness.

Backend ArchitectureCMSTV app
0 likes · 36 min read
How a TV App’s Waterfall Layout Boosted User Engagement and Efficiency
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jan 31, 2018 · Backend Development

How Alibaba Scaled Its E‑Commerce Platform: From LAMP to Distributed Architecture

This article traces Alibaba's e‑commerce technical evolution—from early LAMP‑based monoliths through Java‑centric 2.0 systems to a massive multi‑IDC, service‑oriented distributed architecture with HSF, Pandora, and advanced database sharding solutions—highlighting the challenges and innovations that enabled its massive scalability.

AlibabaBackend Architecturedatabase sharding
0 likes · 7 min read
How Alibaba Scaled Its E‑Commerce Platform: From LAMP to Distributed Architecture