The Awakening of Large Models: From Classic Language Modeling to Generative AI
This article traces the 56‑year evolution of language models—from ELIZA’s rule‑based scripts and N‑gram statistics to neural embeddings, RNNs, Transformers and the seven‑layer ChatGPT architecture—explaining why the simple next‑token probability definition has remained the core of generative AI, how autoregressive factorization drives training, generation and decoding, why hallucinations arise, and what engineering trade‑offs matter in production.
