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Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 20, 2018 · Backend Development

Understanding Distributed Transactions and the XA Two‑Phase Commit Protocol

The article explains how distributed transactions work in microservice architectures, using inventory‑order examples and a World of Warcraft raid analogy to illustrate the XA two‑phase commit protocol, its normal and failure flows, limitations, and alternative approaches such as three‑phase commit, message‑queue and TCC transactions.

ConsistencyXA protocoldistributed transactions
0 likes · 7 min read
Understanding Distributed Transactions and the XA Two‑Phase Commit Protocol
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
May 19, 2018 · Backend Development

Build a Flash‑Sale System with Optimistic Locking, Redis Limiting, and Kafka

This article walks through the step‑by‑step implementation of a high‑throughput flash‑sale (seckill) service in Java, covering request flow, database schema, optimistic‑locking updates, Redis‑based rate limiting, CI scripts, and optional Kafka asynchronous order processing to achieve fast, reliable, and scalable sales handling.

JavaOptimisticLockingRateLimiting
0 likes · 18 min read
Build a Flash‑Sale System with Optimistic Locking, Redis Limiting, and Kafka
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
May 19, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Structure Functional Teams and Service Patterns for Scalable Microservices

This article explains how Conway's law guides functional team division in microservice architectures, describes decentralized governance, outlines various interaction and composition patterns, discusses fault‑tolerance mechanisms such as isolation, circuit breaking, rate limiting, and provides guidance on choosing appropriate service granularity.

Team Organizationarchitecturefault tolerance
0 likes · 32 min read
How to Structure Functional Teams and Service Patterns for Scalable Microservices
Huawei Cloud Developer Alliance
Huawei Cloud Developer Alliance
May 14, 2018 · Backend Development

Optimizing ServiceComb Communication: Reactive vs Sync Thread Models

This article explains how ServiceComb builds on Vert.x to support both reactive and synchronous communication modes, details the thread models for single and multiple connections, presents performance improvements through CAS queues and multi‑connection setups, and outlines flexible thread‑pool strategies for microservice providers and consumers.

microservicesperformancereactive
0 likes · 14 min read
Optimizing ServiceComb Communication: Reactive vs Sync Thread Models
JD Tech
JD Tech
May 9, 2018 · Cloud Native

Deep Dive into JD.com Microservice Component Platform and Its Cloud‑Native Architecture

An extensive overview of JD.com's microservice component platform explains its underlying architecture, communication technologies, service mesh (ContainerMesh), design tools based on DDD, service evaluation, migration challenges, and the platform's evolution toward a cloud‑native, self‑evolving ecosystem supporting distributed tracing, API gateways, and plugin‑based development.

DDDService Meshapi-gateway
0 likes · 17 min read
Deep Dive into JD.com Microservice Component Platform and Its Cloud‑Native Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 8, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Comparison of Distributed Tracing Systems

The article explains the concept, functions, design goals, data models, log collection, and deployment considerations of distributed tracing systems, and compares several open‑source and proprietary solutions such as Dapper, Zipkin, Pinpoint, Alibaba Eagle Eye, and JD Hydra to guide the selection of an appropriate tracing platform.

BackendObservabilitydistributed tracing
0 likes · 16 min read
Design and Comparison of Distributed Tracing Systems
Huawei Cloud Developer Alliance
Huawei Cloud Developer Alliance
May 7, 2018 · Cloud Native

How ServiceComb’s ServiceCenter Guarantees High‑Availability for Cloud‑Native Microservices

This article explains how ServiceComb’s ServiceCenter component provides reliable microservice registration, discovery, and management through features like instance isolation, black‑white list control, asynchronous caching, heartbeat mechanisms, and self‑preservation, ensuring high availability in distributed cloud‑native environments.

cloud-nativehigh availabilitymicroservices
0 likes · 14 min read
How ServiceComb’s ServiceCenter Guarantees High‑Availability for Cloud‑Native Microservices
ITPUB
ITPUB
May 5, 2018 · Cloud Native

Debunking Common Container Myths: When VMs Still Outperform

The article systematically debunks six common container misconceptions—startup speed, density, image versioning, self‑healing, service discovery, and scaling—by comparing containers with virtual machines, then explains how containers fit into micro‑service and DevOps practices and outlines the scenarios where container adoption truly adds value.

MigrationVirtualizationcloud-native
0 likes · 19 min read
Debunking Common Container Myths: When VMs Still Outperform
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
May 4, 2018 · Backend Development

Unlocking Dubbo: Inside Alibaba’s RPC Framework and Its Future Roadmap

This article explains Dubbo’s core RPC principles, architecture layers, design philosophy, open‑source growth, adoption by major enterprises, and upcoming plans for modularization, metadata, async support, and its progression through the Apache Incubator toward becoming a top‑level project.

Apache IncubatorBackend DevelopmentDubbo
0 likes · 8 min read
Unlocking Dubbo: Inside Alibaba’s RPC Framework and Its Future Roadmap
Didi Tech
Didi Tech
May 3, 2018 · Backend Development

Creating a PHP Service Library with Composer for a Map Service

The article explains how to turn a map service into an independent PHP library using Composer by creating a separate Git repository, configuring composer.json in both projects, autoloading via PSR‑4, managing dependencies, organizing code into configs, contracts, models, and custom exceptions, and highlights Composer’s advantages over Git submodule approaches for versioning and scalability.

ComposerPHPService Library
0 likes · 8 min read
Creating a PHP Service Library with Composer for a Map Service
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Apr 27, 2018 · Backend Development

Conquering the Alibaba Middleware Challenge: Building a High‑Performance Dubbo Service Mesh

The article details Alibaba's fourth Middleware Performance Challenge, explaining the Dubbo‑based Service Mesh problem, the Docker‑driven test scenario, scoring methodology, and optimization suggestions such as coroutines, async communication, and caching, offering participants a comprehensive guide to excel in the competition.

DockerDubboService Mesh
0 likes · 10 min read
Conquering the Alibaba Middleware Challenge: Building a High‑Performance Dubbo Service Mesh
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Apr 25, 2018 · Backend Development

How Consumer‑Driven Contract Testing Transforms Distributed Microservice Development with Spring Cloud Contract

This article explains the shortcomings of traditional distributed microservice testing, introduces consumer‑driven contract testing, outlines the evolution of a distributed R&D model, and provides a step‑by‑step guide with code samples for implementing Spring Cloud Contract in both provider and consumer services.

Consumer-Driven ContractsJUnitJava
0 likes · 13 min read
How Consumer‑Driven Contract Testing Transforms Distributed Microservice Development with Spring Cloud Contract
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Apr 24, 2018 · Cloud Native

How Istio Simplifies Service Mesh Management for Kubernetes Microservices

This article explains why microservice architectures need reliable communication, load balancing, fault tolerance, monitoring, tracing and circuit breaking, and shows how Istio—a cloud‑native service mesh built on Envoy—provides these capabilities, enabling blue‑green and canary deployments, traffic routing, retries, and observability within Kubernetes.

Blue‑Green deploymentCanary ReleaseIstio
0 likes · 8 min read
How Istio Simplifies Service Mesh Management for Kubernetes Microservices
JD Tech
JD Tech
Apr 23, 2018 · Backend Development

Rapid Construction of the 7Fresh Retail System Using Domain‑Driven Design

The article details how JD.com’s 7Fresh retail platform was built in just two and a half months by applying strategic DDD, virtual organization structures, extensive component reuse, and cross‑team collaboration to integrate over 60 systems and dozens of devices for both online and offline operations.

BackendDDDDomain-Driven Design
0 likes · 8 min read
Rapid Construction of the 7Fresh Retail System Using Domain‑Driven Design
UCloud Tech
UCloud Tech
Apr 20, 2018 · Cloud Native

How a Lightweight Service Mesh Can Streamline Gray‑Release in Cloud‑Native Environments

UCloud’s CTO emphasizes stable services while embracing change, leading to a lightweight Service Mesh solution that replaces costly API gateways with Istio‑derived components, enabling efficient gray releases, reduced maintenance, and seamless integration with existing services through Docker‑compose sidecars and ETCD‑based discovery.

Gray ReleaseIstioService Mesh
0 likes · 9 min read
How a Lightweight Service Mesh Can Streamline Gray‑Release in Cloud‑Native Environments
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Apr 19, 2018 · Operations

How Meituan‑Dianping Built a 100% High‑Availability Core Transaction System

This article analyzes the rapid growth challenges of Meituan‑Dianping's core payment flow, explains key availability metrics such as MTBF and MTTR, and presents a comprehensive set of architectural, operational, and tooling strategies—including dependency decoupling, timeout tuning, circuit breaking, and full‑link stress testing—to achieve stable, fault‑tolerant transactions.

Circuit BreakerOperationsRate Limiting
0 likes · 20 min read
How Meituan‑Dianping Built a 100% High‑Availability Core Transaction System
JD Tech
JD Tech
Apr 18, 2018 · Cloud Native

JD Microservice Component Platform Overview and Architecture

The JD Microservice Component Platform is a comprehensive ecosystem that integrates core infrastructure, ecosystem toolchains, and foundational data services to provide communication, service discovery, flow control, security, and collaborative tools for internal and external developers, product managers, and decision makers.

BackendPlatformService Mesh
0 likes · 17 min read
JD Microservice Component Platform Overview and Architecture
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Apr 12, 2018 · Backend Development

How Xiaomi Built the Notify Async Messaging System to Scale Its E‑commerce Platform

This article details Xiaomi's evolution from a simple two‑server e‑commerce site to a sophisticated, decoupled architecture with the Notify asynchronous messaging system, explaining design decisions, message splitting, agent proxying, performance upgrades, and lessons for building resilient backend services.

Message queueSystem architectureasynchronous messaging
0 likes · 13 min read
How Xiaomi Built the Notify Async Messaging System to Scale Its E‑commerce Platform
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Apr 11, 2018 · Fundamentals

Mastering Distributed System Design: Core Principles Every Engineer Should Know

This article outlines essential distributed system concepts—including system decomposition, concurrency, caching strategies, online vs. offline processing, push/pull communication, load limiting, service degradation, CAP theorem, and eventual consistency—to help engineers design scalable, reliable architectures for high‑traffic applications.

CAP theoremDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering Distributed System Design: Core Principles Every Engineer Should Know
Didi Tech
Didi Tech
Apr 11, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Turn Synchronous RPC into Asynchronous Queues for Reliable Microservices

The article examines the reliability challenges of microservice architectures that rely heavily on synchronous RPC calls, and proposes a comprehensive solution that converts failing RPCs to asynchronous message‑queue workflows, introduces a write‑ahead‑queue for transactional consistency between databases and queues, and outlines offset management to ensure end‑to‑end fault tolerance.

KafkaMessage queueRPC
0 likes · 12 min read
How to Turn Synchronous RPC into Asynchronous Queues for Reliable Microservices
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Apr 7, 2018 · Backend Development

Why and How to Split Monolithic Applications: A Practical Guide

This article explains why monolithic applications need to be split, outlines the preparatory steps for understanding business complexity and defining service boundaries, and provides detailed practical guidance on database vertical and horizontal splitting, global ID generation, migration, cut‑over strategies, consistency, and post‑split stability.

BackendConsistencyID generation
0 likes · 17 min read
Why and How to Split Monolithic Applications: A Practical Guide
21CTO
21CTO
Apr 6, 2018 · Cloud Native

Why Service Mesh Is the Next Evolution of Microservices

This article examines the limitations of traditional microservice frameworks, introduces service mesh as a solution with sidecar architecture, outlines its definition, evolution stages, and timeline, and concludes with resources for further learning and practical implementation.

Distributed SystemsService Meshcloud-native
0 likes · 9 min read
Why Service Mesh Is the Next Evolution of Microservices
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 6, 2018 · Cloud Native

An Overview of Service Mesh: Addressing the Limitations of Traditional Microservices

This article reviews the challenges of early microservice frameworks—high technical barriers, limited multi‑language support, and intrusive code—and explains how service mesh architectures with sidecar proxies, exemplified by Linkerd, Envoy, and Istio, provide a dedicated, language‑agnostic infrastructure layer that simplifies service governance and operations.

Distributed SystemsIstioService Mesh
0 likes · 9 min read
An Overview of Service Mesh: Addressing the Limitations of Traditional Microservices
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Apr 2, 2018 · Operations

How Bilibili Revamped Its Monitoring Architecture: From Zabbix to Dapper

An in‑depth look at Bilibili’s multi‑layer monitoring overhaul, detailing the shift from a monolithic Zabbix setup to micro‑service‑based ELK, Dapper, Misaka, Traceon and Lancer systems, and how layered observability improves fault detection across business, application, and infrastructure levels.

ObservabilityOperationsdistributed tracing
0 likes · 10 min read
How Bilibili Revamped Its Monitoring Architecture: From Zabbix to Dapper
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Mar 27, 2018 · Backend Development

Data Architecture Design in Microservice Development

This article explains the multi‑layer data architecture design for microservice systems, covering concepts such as data usability, primary and secondary data decoupling, sharding, multi‑source data adaptation and caching, and introduces data marts to improve scalability and maintainability.

Data ArchitectureData CachingData Mart
0 likes · 10 min read
Data Architecture Design in Microservice Development
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 23, 2018 · Backend Development

From Single Server to Billion-User Scale: A Java Backend Architecture Evolution Guide

This article walks through the step‑by‑step evolution of a Java website—from a single‑machine setup to a multi‑tier, load‑balanced, sharded, cached, and service‑oriented architecture capable of handling billions of requests—detailing the challenges and solutions at each stage.

Backend ArchitectureCachingJava
0 likes · 18 min read
From Single Server to Billion-User Scale: A Java Backend Architecture Evolution Guide
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Mar 22, 2018 · Backend Development

How JarsLink Enables Dynamic Modular Development in Java Applications

JarsLink is an Alibaba open‑source Java modular framework that allows runtime dynamic loading, unloading, and inter‑module communication of JAR packages, offering plug‑and‑play isolation, versioning, and resource management to simplify large‑scale backend development, reduce deployment time, and support use cases such as data integration, micro‑service testing, and backend systems.

Dynamic LoadingJavaModular Development
0 likes · 13 min read
How JarsLink Enables Dynamic Modular Development in Java Applications
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Mar 20, 2018 · Backend Development

Source Code Analysis, Distributed Architecture, Microservices, Performance Optimization, and Java Engineering Overview

This article discusses the importance of source code analysis, outlines key concepts in distributed systems, explains microservice architecture, highlights performance optimization techniques for Java applications, and presents practical engineering advice for modern backend development.

Distributed SystemsJava engineeringPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 8 min read
Source Code Analysis, Distributed Architecture, Microservices, Performance Optimization, and Java Engineering Overview
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Mar 15, 2018 · Cloud Native

What Is Docker? A Beginner’s Guide to Containers and Their Benefits

This article introduces Docker as an open‑source container engine, explains how it differs from traditional virtual machines, outlines its advantages, shows its relationship with micro‑services, and provides step‑by‑step installation and common command examples for getting started.

CaaSContainersInstallation
0 likes · 10 min read
What Is Docker? A Beginner’s Guide to Containers and Their Benefits
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Mar 14, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Structure Functional Teams and Governance in Microservice Architecture

This article explains how microservice architecture reshapes functional team organization, promotes decentralized governance, defines interaction contracts such as tolerant reader and consumer‑driven contracts, and outlines service decomposition and composition patterns like proxy, aggregation, and chaining to improve agility and reduce cross‑team friction.

Team Organizationmicroservicesservice contracts
0 likes · 16 min read
How to Structure Functional Teams and Governance in Microservice Architecture
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Mar 4, 2018 · Operations

Mastering Service Fault Tolerance: Key Patterns for Resilient Microservices

Effective fault tolerance is crucial for microservice stability, and this article explores core design principles and classic patterns—such as timeout retries, rate limiting, bulkhead isolation, circuit breakers, and fallback strategies—guiding developers to choose and combine the right approaches for high‑availability systems.

Circuit BreakerRate Limitingbulkhead
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering Service Fault Tolerance: Key Patterns for Resilient Microservices
JD Tech
JD Tech
Mar 1, 2018 · Backend Development

Redesigning JD's Java Service Framework (JSF) for a Cloud‑Native Microservice Platform

The article outlines the challenges faced by JD’s Java Service Framework (JSF) amid rapid microservice growth and containerization, and presents a comprehensive, multi‑layer redesign—including infrastructure, service framework, system extension, and application layers—to transform JSF into a cloud‑native microservice platform.

Backend DevelopmentJSFService Mesh
0 likes · 14 min read
Redesigning JD's Java Service Framework (JSF) for a Cloud‑Native Microservice Platform
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Feb 28, 2018 · Backend Development

Inside Alibaba’s Live Streaming Architecture: Lessons from a Senior Engineer

In this extensive interview, senior Alibaba engineer Chen Kangxian shares his experiences designing large‑scale distributed systems, live‑streaming platforms, and high‑concurrency architectures, offering practical insights on technology choices, failure handling, and career growth for software architects.

Distributed SystemsSoftware Architecturehigh concurrency
0 likes · 34 min read
Inside Alibaba’s Live Streaming Architecture: Lessons from a Senior Engineer
JD Tech
JD Tech
Feb 28, 2018 · Operations

CallGraph: JD.com's Distributed Tracing and Service Governance Platform

CallGraph is JD.com's internally developed distributed tracing and service governance platform that addresses the challenges of monitoring complex microservice architectures by providing low‑intrusion, low‑latency tracing, real‑time analytics, configurable sampling, and integration with JMQ, Storm, Spark, HBase, and JimDB for both operational insight and performance optimization.

Big DataReal-time Analyticsdistributed tracing
0 likes · 12 min read
CallGraph: JD.com's Distributed Tracing and Service Governance Platform
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 25, 2018 · Cloud Computing

Serverless Architecture: Evolution, Pros, Cons, and Ideal Use Cases

Serverless computing, the latest cloud paradigm merging microservices and serverless architectures, evolves from on‑premise monoliths through SOA and containers, offering rapid deployment, cost efficiency, and scalability, while also presenting challenges such as vendor lock‑in, complexity, limited long‑running tasks, and security considerations.

Cloud ComputingScalabilityServerless
0 likes · 9 min read
Serverless Architecture: Evolution, Pros, Cons, and Ideal Use Cases
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 23, 2018 · Operations

How Zipkin Collects and Processes Sleuth Tracing Data – Deep Dive into Spans

This article explains Zipkin’s data model, how Spring Cloud Sleuth generates and sends Span and Annotation information, the message‑channel listener that converts Sleuth spans to Zipkin spans, debugging techniques to observe the collected data, and why the number of spans shown in Zipkin’s UI can differ from the raw count.

ObservabilitySpring Cloud Sleuthdistributed tracing
0 likes · 17 min read
How Zipkin Collects and Processes Sleuth Tracing Data – Deep Dive into Spans
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Feb 21, 2018 · Cloud Native

Building a Robust Microservice Foundation: Gateways, Load Balancing & Netflix Stack

This article explores the core components of a microservice foundation framework—including gateways, DevOps, Docker, security, load balancing, and service discovery—examines centralized vs. in‑process load‑balancing strategies, and reviews Netflix’s open‑source stack (Eureka, Zuul, Hystrix, etc.) as a reference implementation.

Netflixgatewayload balancing
0 likes · 9 min read
Building a Robust Microservice Foundation: Gateways, Load Balancing & Netflix Stack
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 20, 2018 · Backend Development

Master Distributed Tracing in Spring Cloud with Sleuth: A Hands‑On Guide

This tutorial explains how Spring Cloud Sleuth creates and propagates Trace‑ID and Span‑ID across microservice calls, shows the required HTTP headers, demonstrates adding the spring‑cloud‑starter‑sleuth dependency, customizing header output, configuring logging levels, and provides runnable code samples with log output for verification.

JavaSleuthSpring Boot
0 likes · 8 min read
Master Distributed Tracing in Spring Cloud with Sleuth: A Hands‑On Guide
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 4, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Enable Message Partitioning in Spring Cloud Stream for Consistent Consumer Routing

This guide explains how to configure message partitioning in Spring Cloud Stream by adjusting consumer and producer properties—such as group, destination, partitioned flag, instanceCount, instanceIndex, partitionKeyExpression, and partitionCount—to ensure that messages with the same characteristics are consistently processed by the same instance across multiple service instances.

Message PartitioningSpring Cloud Streamconfiguration
0 likes · 4 min read
How to Enable Message Partitioning in Spring Cloud Stream for Consistent Consumer Routing
Hujiang Technology
Hujiang Technology
Jan 29, 2018 · Operations

Design and Implementation of a Low‑Impact Distributed Tracing System for Service Calls

This article describes the background, design goals, architecture, implementation details, and lessons learned from building a low‑overhead, low‑intrusion distributed tracing system using Kafka, Elasticsearch, and OpenTracing to monitor microservice interactions and support performance analysis and DevOps decision‑making.

ElasticsearchKafkaObservability
0 likes · 9 min read
Design and Implementation of a Low‑Impact Distributed Tracing System for Service Calls
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jan 22, 2018 · Cloud Native

Why Service Registries Are Essential for Dynamic Microservice Discovery

The article explains how client‑side and server‑side discovery rely on a service registry that stores each instance’s host and port, discusses registration options, lists common implementations such as Eureka, Zookeeper, Consul, and Etcd, and outlines the benefits and challenges of this pattern.

Backendmicroservicesservice discovery
0 likes · 5 min read
Why Service Registries Are Essential for Dynamic Microservice Discovery
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Jan 21, 2018 · Backend Development

Is Microservices Doomed? Uncovering the Hidden Complexities Behind the Hype

The article critically examines micro‑services, outlining their promised benefits such as independent development, deployment and scaling, while exposing the hidden operational, dev‑ops, state‑management, communication, versioning and distributed‑transaction challenges that can turn them into a fragile, overly complex system.

Distributed SystemsSoftware Architecturecomplexity
0 likes · 15 min read
Is Microservices Doomed? Uncovering the Hidden Complexities Behind the Hype
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jan 21, 2018 · Backend Development

How Server‑Side Service Discovery Simplifies Microservice Communication

This article explains how server‑side service discovery enables clients such as API gateways to locate dynamically changing microservice instances via a router or load balancer that queries a service registry, outlining requirements, solution architecture, examples like AWS ELB, benefits, drawbacks, and related patterns.

Cloud Computingload balancingmicroservices
0 likes · 5 min read
How Server‑Side Service Discovery Simplifies Microservice Communication
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jan 18, 2018 · Backend Development

Why Microservices? Designing Scalable Backend Architecture with Scale Cube

Microservice architecture, built using the Scale Cube Y‑axis approach, splits backend functionality into independent services with dedicated databases, enabling rapid development, continuous deployment, scalability, and fault isolation, while also introducing complexities such as distributed system management, testing challenges, and higher resource consumption.

Continuous Deploymentmicroservicesscale cube
0 likes · 11 min read
Why Microservices? Designing Scalable Backend Architecture with Scale Cube
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jan 18, 2018 · Backend Development

Why Monolithic Architecture Still Works—and When It Fails

Monolithic architecture, built as a single deployable unit, offers rapid development, simple deployment, and easy scaling via load balancers, but as applications grow, it introduces codebase complexity, slower IDEs, deployment challenges, limited scalability, and technology lock‑in, prompting many teams to consider microservices.

Backend DevelopmentScalabilitymicroservices
0 likes · 9 min read
Why Monolithic Architecture Still Works—and When It Fails
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Jan 16, 2018 · Backend Development

From Monolith to Microservices: A Beginner’s Guide to Modern Backend Architecture

This article walks through the evolution from traditional three‑layer monolithic architecture to microservice architecture, explaining system design concepts, the drawbacks of monoliths, the benefits and challenges of microservices, and compares them with SOA, providing clear diagrams, pros and cons, and practical insights for backend engineers.

Backend ArchitectureSOAmicroservices
0 likes · 15 min read
From Monolith to Microservices: A Beginner’s Guide to Modern Backend Architecture
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jan 16, 2018 · Backend Development

What We Learned from China’s Top Tech Architects on System Refactoring

Leading architects from companies like Sogou, Ele.me, Xiaomi, Tuniu, Kuaidi, 58.com, and Tencent shared practical insights on progressively refactoring legacy systems, scaling platforms, adopting service‑oriented and streaming architectures, and balancing optimization with new business demands, offering a comprehensive roadmap for modern backend evolution.

Scalable Systemsmicroservicesservice-oriented architecture
0 likes · 17 min read
What We Learned from China’s Top Tech Architects on System Refactoring
Suning Technology
Suning Technology
Jan 15, 2018 · Cloud Computing

How Suning’s Tech Group Is Revolutionizing Retail with Cloud, AI, and Big Data

Suning’s 2018 strategic shift transformed its traditional IT department into a technology group that integrates cloud computing, big data, AI, micro‑services and containerization across eight business units, driving a data‑driven, smart‑retail ecosystem and scaling its IT workforce to support rapid innovation.

Enterprise ArchitectureRetail TechnologySmart Retail
0 likes · 8 min read
How Suning’s Tech Group Is Revolutionizing Retail with Cloud, AI, and Big Data
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Jan 12, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of Meituan Hotel Full-Chain Log and Trace System

To cope with Meituan Hotel’s exploding micro‑service complexity, the infrastructure team built the Satellite System—combining MTrace and a selective, zero‑intrusion Log4j2‑based logging pipeline that streams enriched logs through Kafka, Storm, Redis and Elasticsearch, delivering second‑level trace‑log queries and six‑month retention, dramatically speeding up debugging.

ElasticsearchKafkaStorm
0 likes · 11 min read
Design and Implementation of Meituan Hotel Full-Chain Log and Trace System
iQIYI Technical Product Team
iQIYI Technical Product Team
Jan 12, 2018 · Backend Development

Microservice Implementation Experience in iQIYI Bubble Backend System

Facing over 60 million daily users and 100 K QPS, iQIYI’s Bubble platform migrated from a monolithic codebase to a business‑driven microservice architecture—splitting services by entity and function, adopting the internal RPCHUB RPC framework, establishing ownership, fault‑tolerance, monitoring and CI/CD pipelines, and addressing scaling challenges to sustain rapid growth.

Distributed SystemsRPCarchitecture
0 likes · 20 min read
Microservice Implementation Experience in iQIYI Bubble Backend System
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jan 12, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Scalable Java Payment System Using RabbitMQ, Redis, MongoDB, and MySQL

This article details the design of a modular Java payment system that handles payment initiation, refunds, and callback processing by leveraging asynchronous execution with ExecutorService, RabbitMQ, Redis caching, MongoDB for persistence, and MySQL for configuration data, all illustrated with architecture diagrams and code examples.

BackendMongoDBRabbitMQ
0 likes · 11 min read
Design and Implementation of a Scalable Java Payment System Using RabbitMQ, Redis, MongoDB, and MySQL
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Jan 2, 2018 · Operations

When to Adopt Distributed Architecture? 5 Common Patterns Explained

This article explains why and when to move to distributed architecture, outlines the typical upgrade and splitting steps, and details five common distributed cluster patterns—including load balancing, leader election, blockchain, master‑slave, and consistent hashing—highlighting their trade‑offs and use cases.

Architecture PatternsConsistent HashingDistributed Systems
0 likes · 8 min read
When to Adopt Distributed Architecture? 5 Common Patterns Explained
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Dec 31, 2017 · Backend Development

Fundamentals and Evolution of Large-Scale Website Architecture

This article summarizes the origins, core principles, typical evolution stages, and common toolkits of large website architecture, highlighting how network growth, performance demands, and scalability challenges drive the adoption of caching, load balancing, database sharding, CDNs, and distributed services.

CDNCachingScalability
0 likes · 11 min read
Fundamentals and Evolution of Large-Scale Website Architecture
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
Dec 28, 2017 · Backend Development

How 360’s SSP Engine Delivers Billions of Ads with Microservices and High‑Performance Architecture

This article explains the architecture and key technologies of 360’s SSP advertising engine—including flexible micro‑service layers, DAG‑based topology, rule and template management, and high‑performance Go‑based HTTP frameworks—that enable billion‑scale ad delivery with low latency and high concurrency.

AdvertisingBackend ArchitectureGo
0 likes · 16 min read
How 360’s SSP Engine Delivers Billions of Ads with Microservices and High‑Performance Architecture
Dada Group Technology
Dada Group Technology
Dec 27, 2017 · Backend Development

JD Daojia Backend Architecture Overview: Microservices, Gateway, Order System, and High Availability

The talk presented at the Global Architect Summit detailed JD Daojia's backend architecture evolution, covering physical deployment, microservice adoption, gateway design, LBS caching, order system structure, idempotency, data consistency, high‑availability strategies, gray releases, rate limiting, and stress testing, illustrating practical engineering challenges and solutions.

architecturegatewaymicroservices
0 likes · 11 min read
JD Daojia Backend Architecture Overview: Microservices, Gateway, Order System, and High Availability
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Dec 23, 2017 · Operations

2017 Ops Tech Landscape: From Microservices to Intelligent Automation

This article surveys the evolution of operations technology, covering microservices, SRE, DevOps, containerization, orchestration, automation, intelligent monitoring, infrastructure, database and big‑data ops, as well as security, game and fintech operational challenges, highlighting current trends and future directions for 2017.

ContainerizationDevOpsOperations
0 likes · 14 min read
2017 Ops Tech Landscape: From Microservices to Intelligent Automation
DevOps
DevOps
Dec 22, 2017 · Cloud Native

Translation of 32 Cloud Design Patterns for Cloud‑Native Applications

This article presents a Chinese translation of 32 cloud design patterns originally documented by the Azure cloud team, explaining how these patterns—covering availability, data management, security, scalability, and more—can guide enterprises in migrating monolithic applications to cloud‑native architectures across any major cloud provider.

Design Patternscloud migrationcloud-native
0 likes · 4 min read
Translation of 32 Cloud Design Patterns for Cloud‑Native Applications
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Dec 21, 2017 · Backend Development

Build a RabbitMQ Consumer with Spring Cloud Stream in Spring Boot

This tutorial walks through creating a Spring Boot microservice that uses Spring Cloud Stream to bind to RabbitMQ, covering project setup, required dependencies, a simple consumer implementation, application startup, log verification, core annotations, and a unit test for message production.

JavaRabbitMQSpring Boot
0 likes · 11 min read
Build a RabbitMQ Consumer with Spring Cloud Stream in Spring Boot
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Dec 20, 2017 · Backend Development

How Ele.me’s API Everything Framework Transforms Backend Service Integration

This article summarizes Liang Xiangdong’s talk on the API Everything framework at the Gdevops 2017 conference, detailing the motivations, design principles, lifecycle, key products such as Stargate Cluster and API Portal, and the practical impact on backend development, DevOps automation, and front‑end/back‑end separation at Ele.me.

APIAPI documentationBackend Development
0 likes · 21 min read
How Ele.me’s API Everything Framework Transforms Backend Service Integration
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Dec 18, 2017 · Operations

How WiFi Key Built a Million‑User Monitoring Platform: Architecture and Best Practices

This article describes how WiFi 万能钥匙 designed and implemented the Roma monitoring platform to handle billions of daily requests, covering background challenges, architectural principles, component design, data collection, transmission, storage, alerting, and future directions for large‑scale observability.

ObservabilityOperationsarchitecture
0 likes · 16 min read
How WiFi Key Built a Million‑User Monitoring Platform: Architecture and Best Practices
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Dec 17, 2017 · Backend Development

Your One‑Stop Spring Guide: Boot, Cloud, and Security Resources

This weekend roundup compiles essential Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, and Spring Security articles—including quick starts, deep‑dive tutorials, microservice patterns, API‑gateway tips, and OAuth2 guides—providing developers a convenient reference list to enhance their Java backend expertise.

JavaSpring BootSpring Security
0 likes · 6 min read
Your One‑Stop Spring Guide: Boot, Cloud, and Security Resources
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Dec 13, 2017 · Cloud Native

How Google Deploys Microservices with Kubernetes: A Practical Guide

Google Cloud’s engineers explain how microservice architectures benefit from small, fast-deployable containers, using Docker, Docker‑Compose, and Kubernetes features such as Pods, Replication Controllers, Services, Labels, and canary releases to achieve automated, high‑availability deployments at Google’s massive scale.

Dockercanary deploymentcloud-native
0 likes · 10 min read
How Google Deploys Microservices with Kubernetes: A Practical Guide
21CTO
21CTO
Dec 13, 2017 · Backend Development

Why API Gateways Are Essential for Microservice Architectures

This article explains the role of API gateways in microservice systems, discusses challenges of aggregating data across services, compares single‑node and BFF gateway patterns, evaluates open‑source gateway projects, and proposes a double‑gateway solution for high‑performance, scalable backend integration.

Backend DevelopmentOcelotOpenResty
0 likes · 12 min read
Why API Gateways Are Essential for Microservice Architectures
ITPUB
ITPUB
Dec 6, 2017 · R&D Management

How to Keep Developers Engaged and Beat Boredom at Work

The article shares practical cultural strategies—short task rotations, full‑stack exposure, regular open discussions, automation, micro‑service architecture, open‑source focus, diverse hiring, and social activities—to prevent developer boredom and maintain high motivation across engineering teams.

Team Culturedeveloper motivationdiversity hiring
0 likes · 14 min read
How to Keep Developers Engaged and Beat Boredom at Work
Dada Group Technology
Dada Group Technology
Nov 29, 2017 · Backend Development

How Dada Delivery Platform Scaled to 8 Million Orders per Day for Double‑11

This article explains how Dada's order platform was refactored from a Python Flask service to a Java‑based microservice architecture, employing load testing, circuit breaking with Hystrix, and multi‑datacenter disaster recovery to reliably handle eight million orders in a single day during the Double‑11 shopping festival.

Circuit BreakingJavadisaster recovery
0 likes · 6 min read
How Dada Delivery Platform Scaled to 8 Million Orders per Day for Double‑11
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 24, 2017 · Cloud Native

What Is Istio? An Open‑Source Service Mesh from IBM, Google, and Lyft

Istio, an open-source service mesh created by IBM, Google, and Lyft, offers a uniform platform for integrating microservices, managing traffic, enforcing policies, and collecting telemetry, with a control plane that abstracts underlying cluster platforms like Kubernetes, illustrated through developer presentations and slide decks.

IstioService Meshcloud-native
0 likes · 3 min read
What Is Istio? An Open‑Source Service Mesh from IBM, Google, and Lyft
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Nov 23, 2017 · Backend Development

Microservice Transformation Experience and Target Architecture Design

This article shares the author's experience and lessons learned from a two‑day intensive discussion on microservice migration, outlining a concrete implementation plan, current architectural challenges, key debates, and the final target architecture blueprint for a third‑party payment company.

Backend ArchitectureDomain-Driven DesignSystem Migration
0 likes · 12 min read
Microservice Transformation Experience and Target Architecture Design
UCloud Tech
UCloud Tech
Nov 22, 2017 · Backend Development

Master Go Microservices: gRPC, TLS, Tracing & Prometheus Monitoring

This article shares practical Go microservice building experiences, covering gRPC-based communication, TLS security, request tracing, and comprehensive monitoring with Prometheus, including metric selection, alerting, and log management using Logrus and Graylog, to help reduce coupling and improve system observability.

LoggingPrometheusgRPC
0 likes · 10 min read
Master Go Microservices: gRPC, TLS, Tracing & Prometheus Monitoring
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Nov 20, 2017 · Cloud Native

Evolution of Microservice Systems Toward a Reactive Microsystem Architecture

The article explains how traditional microservice architectures evolve into event‑driven reactive microsystems by adopting events‑first DDD, reactive design, and event‑based persistence, highlighting the role of the Actor model, asynchronous non‑blocking communication, event sourcing, and saga‑based distributed transaction handling.

DDDDistributed SystemsEvent Sourcing
0 likes · 9 min read
Evolution of Microservice Systems Toward a Reactive Microsystem Architecture
Tongcheng Travel Technology Center
Tongcheng Travel Technology Center
Nov 14, 2017 · Backend Development

Highlights of the First Tongcheng Technology Conference in Suzhou: Serverless, Microservices, Go, NewSQL, Hybrid Cloud, and Ticket Search Architecture

The two‑day Tongcheng Technology Conference in Suzhou featured six technical sessions covering serverless architecture, microservices with Go, Facebook‑style development tools, NewSQL database practices, hybrid cloud management at Sina Weibo, and high‑performance ticket search systems, offering practical insights for backend engineers.

Backend ArchitectureGoNewSQL
0 likes · 10 min read
Highlights of the First Tongcheng Technology Conference in Suzhou: Serverless, Microservices, Go, NewSQL, Hybrid Cloud, and Ticket Search Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Nov 14, 2017 · Backend Development

Architecture and Technical Practices of JD.com’s Jingmai Message Center

The article details the Jingmai Message Center’s end‑to‑end architecture, covering message ingestion via Anycall and MQ, protocol conversion, Netty‑based push system, Snowflake ID generation, Elasticsearch storage, multi‑level caching, distributed locking, and the overall design principles that enable a scalable, reliable messaging platform.

CachingDistributed SystemsNetty
0 likes · 9 min read
Architecture and Technical Practices of JD.com’s Jingmai Message Center
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Nov 9, 2017 · Backend Development

Enterprise Development Frameworks: Vertical and Horizontal Architecture, SOA, and Microservices

This article explains the concepts of vertical (monolithic) and horizontal (distributed) architectures, compares onion, SOA, and microservice models, describes typical frameworks for data access, MVC, IoC, and service governance, and provides guidance on choosing the appropriate architecture for different project sizes and teams.

BackendSOAarchitecture
0 likes · 26 min read
Enterprise Development Frameworks: Vertical and Horizontal Architecture, SOA, and Microservices
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Nov 3, 2017 · Cloud Native

Service Mesh Overview and Resource Collection

This article compiles a curated collection of high‑quality resources—including introductory explanations, in‑depth tutorials, Chinese translations, and tool overviews for Istio, Linkerd, and Envoy—to guide readers from basic concepts to advanced practices in service mesh and cloud‑native microservice architectures.

Istiokubernetesmicroservices
0 likes · 9 min read
Service Mesh Overview and Resource Collection
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Oct 31, 2017 · Cloud Native

Key Technologies and Design Patterns for Implementing Microservices: Architecture Characteristics, Patterns, and Data Consistency

This article explains microservice architecture fundamentals, typical design patterns such as chain, aggregator, data‑sharing and asynchronous messaging, and presents practical solutions for service splitting, data consistency, and distributed transaction management based on real‑world experience at the ZhaiZhai platform.

Data ConsistencyDesign Patternsarchitecture
0 likes · 9 min read
Key Technologies and Design Patterns for Implementing Microservices: Architecture Characteristics, Patterns, and Data Consistency
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Oct 26, 2017 · Backend Development

Domain-Driven Design Q&A: Event Handling, Service Design, and Domain Boundaries

The article records a Meituan‑Dianping Q&A on Domain‑Driven Design, where engineers discuss using domain events with transactions, designing RPC interfaces, separating domain and application layers, handling cross‑aggregate operations, and defining bounded contexts, illustrating how DDD guides microservice architecture and business modeling.

CQRSDDDDomain-Driven Design
0 likes · 6 min read
Domain-Driven Design Q&A: Event Handling, Service Design, and Domain Boundaries
21CTO
21CTO
Oct 22, 2017 · Operations

How to Build Highly Available Systems: Fault Tolerance and Scalability Strategies

This article explains why high availability is critical for internet services, outlines key techniques such as stateless design, service discovery, heartbeat checks, idempotent operations, load balancing, throttling, caching, and micro‑service architecture, and discusses the operational challenges and monitoring tools needed to maintain resilient, scalable systems.

IdempotencyScalabilityfault tolerance
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Build Highly Available Systems: Fault Tolerance and Scalability Strategies
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Oct 22, 2017 · Operations

Ensuring High Availability in Internet Services: Stateless Design, Service Discovery, Idempotency, Rate Limiting, and Microservices

The article discusses how to achieve high availability for large‑scale internet services by adopting stateless architecture, service discovery and registration, heartbeat monitoring, idempotent design, retry mechanisms, rate limiting, caching, and micro‑service decomposition to handle machine failures, network glitches, and high concurrency.

CachingIdempotencyRate Limiting
0 likes · 9 min read
Ensuring High Availability in Internet Services: Stateless Design, Service Discovery, Idempotency, Rate Limiting, and Microservices
Hulu Beijing
Hulu Beijing
Oct 20, 2017 · Cloud Computing

Inside Hulu’s Cloud Architecture: A 1,000‑Foot View of Microservices and Scale

Chief architect at Hulu shares a high‑level overview of the company’s tech ecosystem, detailing its microservice‑based backend on the Donki PaaS, cloud‑flexible deployments, extensive machine‑learning pipelines, VOD and live‑streaming services, multilingual codebases, and the operational challenges of scaling a global streaming platform.

Cloud ComputingVideo Streamingarchitecture
0 likes · 9 min read
Inside Hulu’s Cloud Architecture: A 1,000‑Foot View of Microservices and Scale
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
Oct 13, 2017 · Cloud Native

Spock: Qiniu's Continuous Delivery Platform – Architecture, Business Flow, and Best Practices

The article presents Qiniu's Spock continuous delivery platform, detailing its business and technical architecture, pipeline stages from self‑test to release, automation practices, microservice challenges, quality gates, and operational metrics that enable fast, reliable cloud‑native software delivery.

Continuous DeliveryDevOpsautomation
0 likes · 18 min read
Spock: Qiniu's Continuous Delivery Platform – Architecture, Business Flow, and Best Practices
Beike Product & Technology
Beike Product & Technology
Sep 30, 2017 · Information Security

Design and Implementation of OpenIAM: A Cloud Identity and Access Management Service Inspired by AWS IAM

The article describes the challenges of resource isolation and permission management in a microservice environment, explains AWS IAM concepts and policies, and details the design, development, and expected benefits of the internally built OpenIAM service for unified authentication and authorization across services.

Access ManagementIAMOpenIAM
0 likes · 9 min read
Design and Implementation of OpenIAM: A Cloud Identity and Access Management Service Inspired by AWS IAM
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 20, 2017 · R&D Management

Turning Errors into Innovation: Anti‑Fragile Systems in Digital Business

In today's fast‑moving digital landscape, waiting for perfect products is impossible, so companies like Amazon and HARTING adopt anti‑fragile, error‑embracing approaches—using systematic root‑cause analysis, agile micro‑services, and tools like Chaos Monkey—to transform failures into rapid innovation and competitive advantage.

Agile DevelopmentAnti-FragilityDigital Transformation
0 likes · 10 min read
Turning Errors into Innovation: Anti‑Fragile Systems in Digital Business
DevOps
DevOps
Sep 17, 2017 · Cloud Native

Understanding Microservices: History, Principles, and Benefits

This article explains the evolution of microservices, their architectural concepts, advantages such as smaller size, faster delivery, stronger resilience, and how they relate to cloud, DevOps, and operational practices, providing a solid foundation for building and evaluating microservice applications.

Scalabilityarchitecturemicroservices
0 likes · 17 min read
Understanding Microservices: History, Principles, and Benefits
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Sep 16, 2017 · Backend Development

Essential Backend Infrastructure and Services for Internet Companies

This article outlines the essential backend infrastructure components and best‑practice patterns—such as API gateways, service frameworks, caching, databases, search engines, message queues, authentication, configuration, service governance, scheduling, logging, and monitoring—required to build stable, scalable, and maintainable internet applications.

BackendCachingapi-gateway
0 likes · 31 min read
Essential Backend Infrastructure and Services for Internet Companies