This article explains how Alibaba Cloud's self‑built KubeProbe combines universal link probing and targeted inspections to detect, diagnose, and remediate issues in massive multi‑cluster Kubernetes environments, improving reliability and reducing on‑call overhead.
This article walks you through installing Tekton pipelines on a Kubernetes cluster, including installing specific versions, verifying CRDs, creating and executing simple Tasks and TaskRuns, using the Tekton CLI, and setting up the Tekton Dashboard, with commands and code snippets for each step.
This article explains how DNS operates inside Kubernetes, enumerates common failure causes, describes CoreDNS's built‑in observability plugins, introduces BPF‑based client‑side diagnostics, and provides a step‑by‑step troubleshooting workflow to identify and resolve DNS issues in cloud‑native environments.
This article introduces Kubernetes, the open‑source container‑orchestration platform, and explains its core concepts—including Pods, Namespaces, Nodes, Services, Volumes, PersistentVolumes, Deployments, StatefulSets, DaemonSets, Ingress, Jobs, Horizontal Pod Autoscaling, Service Accounts, Secrets, ConfigMaps, and Resource Quotas—along with common kubectl commands for managing each component.
This article chronicles Docker’s meteoric ascent as a pioneering container platform, its leadership turmoil, fierce competition with Kubernetes, the 2019 split and sale to Mirantis, and the lasting lessons it offers about the challenges open‑source startups face in sustaining commercial success.
This article explains the fundamental concepts, configuration methods, and underlying mechanisms of Kubernetes Services, covering typical Service definitions, the four Service types, their behavior under kube-proxy's iptables mode, and practical troubleshooting insights drawn from a real production outage.
Learn how to install Rancher Desktop on Windows, use WSL and PowerShell to create a one‑node Kubernetes cluster, deploy an Nginx app, and manage it via the Kubernetes Dashboard, offering a simpler alternative to Minikube for local development.
After migrating to a PaaS platform, intermittent 502 errors appeared on both GET and POST requests, and a detailed analysis of Nginx retry behavior, Ingress HTTP version settings, and uWSGI incompatibility reveals the root cause and a configuration fix.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes, covering its purpose for container operations, key functions, core components, multi‑center deployment, service discovery methods, pod resource sharing, common CNI plugins, load‑balancing layers, isolation dimensions, network model principles, and IP address classifications.
This article explains how to ensure software delivery stability by maintaining product and runtime environment consistency, explores the three stages of environment management—from documentation to declarative definitions—illustrates Kubernetes sidecar patterns, and discusses the benefits and challenges of Infrastructure‑as‑Code and OAM models.
This guide explains how Kubernetes Ingress gateways—including Nginx, ALB, APISIX, and MSE—enable sophisticated routing, observability, and rollback capabilities, and shows how to implement full‑link gray releases with traffic lanes in fast‑moving microservice environments.
This guide walks through a real‑world Docker exec failure, explains the relationship between kubelet, docker‑shim, containerd, and runc, shows step‑by‑step commands to isolate the faulty component, and reveals that a resource‑limit (pids) exhaustion in the container caused the runc exec error.
This guide explains how Alibaba Cloud's Microservice Engine (MSE) achieves zero‑loss service deployment by using adaptive offline waiting, active notifications, readiness‑aligned startup checks, and traffic warm‑up, providing step‑by‑step Kubernetes manifests, configuration details, and validation results to prevent traffic loss during releases.
This article explains Alibaba's open‑source Hybridnet solution for ACK Distro, detailing its design principles, core CRD models, default overlay behavior, step‑by‑step commands for underlay deployment, network type switching, and resource management in hybrid cloud environments.
This article provides a detailed technical analysis of Envoy's traffic hijacking mechanisms, covering sidecar and gateway modes, REDIRECT and TPROXY interception, iptables rule generation, port handling, conntrack limitations, and eBPF acceleration within Kubernetes service meshes.
This article explains Kubernetes node and pod relationships through a story, then details how to use nodeSelector, nodeAffinity, podAffinity, taints, and tolerations with concrete kubectl commands and YAML examples, helping you control pod scheduling and eviction behavior.
An agent service running in a Kubernetes pod appeared healthy but failed to receive heartbeats due to DNS resolution errors caused by an unintended 'HOST' search domain, leading to incorrect IP resolution; the article details the investigation, explains Kubernetes DNS mechanics, and shows how adjusting ndots or using fully qualified names resolves the issue.
This article traces the evolution of software architecture from monolithic to microservice models, explains key concepts such as service mesh, distributed tracing, and container orchestration, and lists the essential tools and frameworks—including Docker, Kubernetes, Ocelot, Consul, and Jenkins—required to build and operate modern cloud‑native microservice systems.
NetEase’s cloud‑native operations team shares how they confront new challenges of Kubernetes adoption—ranging from technical stack shifts and knowledge‑base gaps to capacity planning, automated diagnostics, monitoring, alerting, and cost‑saving strategies—offering practical insights for building efficient, stable, and scalable ops systems.
This article presents a comic series that visually explains Kubernetes fundamentals and demonstrates how to implement continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines on the platform, offering a concise, illustrated guide for developers and DevOps engineers.
This guide walks you through packaging a Spring Boot application into a Docker image with Jib, installing the Spring Boot Operator on a Kubernetes cluster, deploying a demo app, customizing deployments, handling graceful shutdown, and using node affinity for advanced scheduling.
A Kubernetes pod appeared healthy but failed to receive heartbeats because its DNS search domain included a top‑level "HOST" entry, causing incorrect name resolution, and the article explains the root cause, analysis, and practical fixes such as using fully qualified names or adjusting ndots and dnsPolicy.
GitOps is a set of best‑practice principles that treat Git as the single source of truth for declarative infrastructure and application delivery, enabling faster, auditable, and automated deployments on Kubernetes clusters, and can be realized with tools like OpsMx Enterprise for Spinnaker.
The Sysdig 2022 Cloud‑Native Security and Usage Report shows that a majority of production containers and images contain high‑severity vulnerabilities, many cloud accounts expose S3 buckets, and mis‑configured resource limits lead to significant cost overruns, highlighting urgent security and operational challenges for enterprises adopting cloud‑native technologies.
This article summarizes a cloud‑native expert’s talk, covering the definition and community origins of cloud native, CNCF’s role, current industry trends such as distributed cloud, AI workloads, FinOps, core technologies like containers, microservices, serverless, and Alibaba Cloud’s product ecosystem and open‑source contributions.
According to CNCF’s 2021 Cloud‑Native Survey, 96% of organizations are using or evaluating Kubernetes, marking its transition to mainstream, with rapid growth in developer adoption, container runtimes, and related projects, while highlighting emerging trends in edge, observability, and security for 2022.
Learn how to use the open‑source Pyroscope continuous profiler to identify performance bottlenecks in Kubernetes‑deployed microservices, compare it with other profilers, and follow detailed installation, configuration, and integration steps for Python, Go, and .NET services, including Helm deployment and resource monitoring.
iQIYI’s cpu‑share‑syncer daemon runs on every node, reads a pod’s iqiyi.com/cpu‑share annotation, updates the pod’s cpu.shares after disabling the Kubernetes CPU CFS quota, and lets high‑priority video‑production pods pre‑empt CPU from lower‑priority pods, significantly speeding task execution.
This article describes how Ant Group tackled the performance ceiling of its massive Sigma Kubernetes clusters by horizontally splitting etcd storage for Pods, Leases and Events, redesigning watch handling to avoid component restarts, and using snapshot‑based migration to preserve data integrity while reducing latency.
This article analyzes NeuVector’s open‑source container security platform, compares it with other cloud‑native security tools, explains its unified architecture and features, and provides step‑by‑step Helm installation instructions for Kubernetes clusters.
Meituan’s cloud‑native cluster scheduling system, built on a customized Kubernetes engine, unifies multi‑cluster management, improves CPU utilization, reduces costs, and enhances stability by balancing throughput, complexity, and reliability while addressing large‑scale deployment, fault‑tolerance, and dynamic resource allocation challenges.
This article explains the complete web request lifecycle—including DNS lookup, caching mechanisms, HTTP/HTTPS communication, TCP/UDP transport, gateway routing, backend service models, virtualization, Docker containerization, and Kubernetes orchestration—providing engineers with a solid foundation for diagnosing and optimizing modern web applications.
A Kubernetes cluster was compromised when a misconfigured kubelet allowed anonymous API access, enabling attackers to run a Monero miner; the post details the investigation, root causes, and practical hardening steps to prevent similar intrusions.
This article explains what microservices are, how they differ from traditional monolithic applications, provides an Amazon product‑listing example, discusses containers, compares the two, outlines when to adopt microservices, lists their pros and cons, and describes how Kubernetes supports cloud‑native microservice architectures.
This tutorial walks you through installing KubeSphere, deploying GitLab Community Edition via Helm, configuring a minimal GitLab setup, creating a sample NodeJS project, disabling Auto DevOps, writing a Jenkinsfile, and linking GitLab with KubeSphere DevOps to run both scripted and graphical CI/CD pipelines, plus optional SSH access.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Horovod, Uber's open-source distributed deep learning framework, covering its architecture, communication mechanisms, performance benchmarks, and deployment on Kubernetes and Spark for accelerated multi-GPU training.
This article explains how to perform rolling, blue‑green, and canary (gray) releases in Kubernetes, focusing on implementing canary deployments with the ingress-nginx controller using specific annotations, demonstrating weight‑based and header‑based scenarios, providing full YAML manifests, CI/CD pipeline designs, and recommendations for automated rollouts.
The panel discusses how microservices have changed over the past ten years, covering evolving definitions, common anti‑patterns, the challenges of distributed transactions, Kubernetes' influence on architecture, organizational impacts, and future trends such as application‑centric models and GitOps.
This article explains the relationship between kubelet, Docker, containerd, and runc, walks through a real‑world exec failure logged by dockerd, and shows how to pinpoint the faulty component, identify resource‑limit causes, and understand runc’s execution workflow.
This FAQ outlines the new Kubernetes 1.22 capabilities, the components Alibaba Cloud ACK upgrades for this version, added observability, stability and performance improvements, and key upgrade considerations such as deprecated APIs and runtime changes.
This article explains how to enable full‑link gray release for microservices using Alibaba Cloud MSE, covering the underlying technologies, product features, environment preparation, Kubernetes deployment manifests, lane configuration, Ingress routing, traffic verification, and monitoring, all without modifying application code.
The article details how Tencent's Happy Game Studio transformed its large‑scale, low‑utilization backend from a legacy distributed architecture to a cloud‑native, Istio‑enabled service‑mesh platform, achieving significant resource savings, smoother deployments, and improved observability across game, CGI, and storage services.
Explore seven robust Docker alternatives—including Podman, LXD, containerd, Buildah, BuildKit, Kaniko, and RunC—detailing their unique features, security benefits, and use‑case scenarios, so you can choose the right container engine for your development and deployment workflows.
This article reviews seven Docker alternatives—Podman, LXD, containerd, Buildah, BuildKit, Kaniko, and RunC—detailing their architectures, key differences, security models, and typical use cases for developers and DevOps teams seeking flexible, daemon‑less or Kubernetes‑friendly container solutions.
The article explains how Intuit manages hundreds of Kubernetes clusters across multiple business units using Istio‑based service mesh and the Admiral multi‑control‑plane solution to achieve isolation, compliance, automated configuration, and fault‑tolerant cross‑cluster communication.
Alibaba Cloud's real‑time data warehouse Hologres passed a large‑scale performance test of up to 8,192 nodes, demonstrating how cloud‑native design, automated operations, and intelligent monitoring enable ultra‑large‑scale deployment and high‑availability for enterprise data platforms.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to Kubernetes networking, covering pod network requirements, Linux network namespaces, the role of the pause container, IP allocation, veth pairs, bridge connections, inter‑pod traffic on same and different nodes, CNI plugins, and how services use iptables and conntrack for traffic routing.
This article explains how Open Cluster Management's Placement API selects target clusters for workloads in multi‑cluster Kubernetes environments, covering ManagedClusterSet concepts, Placement spec fields, predicate filtering, prioritizer policies, dynamic scoring, and practical YAML examples that demonstrate weight adjustments and best‑practice scenarios.
This article explains the fundamentals of microservices, illustrates them with an Amazon product‑listing example, compares microservices to containers, outlines when to adopt microservices, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and describes how Kubernetes supports microservice architectures.
The article explains how K8ssandra, an Apache Cassandra distribution for Kubernetes, evolved from using Helm charts to developing a dedicated Operator to overcome Helm's limitations, improve multi‑cluster support, and align more closely with Kubernetes best practices.
This step‑by‑step tutorial explains how to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster from version 1.22 to 1.23 using the hard‑way approach, covering prerequisites, master and worker node procedures, package handling, and verification commands to ensure a successful upgrade.
The article analyzes how cloud providers are shifting focus to the lowest layers of the stack, compares the evolution of services like Redshift and Snowflake, examines profit models and market dynamics, and forecasts major technological and business changes in cloud computing over the next decade.
Discover the most popular Kubernetes management solutions—including K9s, Rancher, Dashboard, Helm, Kubespray, Lens, and WKSctl—detailing their features, deployment options, and how they streamline cluster monitoring, scaling, and security for cloud-native environments and improve operational efficiency.
This guide explains why IPVS outperforms iptables for large Kubernetes clusters, then walks through installing ipvsadm, loading kernel modules on master and worker nodes, configuring kube-proxy to use IPVS, cleaning iptables rules, and verifying network and DNS functionality with a BusyBox pod.
This article details China Unicom Software Research Institute's multi‑year journey of adopting Kubernetes‑based service mesh, outlining the evolution from SDK‑driven microservices to sidecar‑based architectures, migration strategies with Baidu, performance optimizations, observability enhancements, and future product roadmaps.
This article introduces Kubernetes—Google's open‑source container orchestration platform—detailing its core concepts such as Pods, Namespaces, Nodes, Services, Volumes, PersistentVolumes, Deployments, StatefulSets, DaemonSets, Ingress, Jobs, HPA, ServiceAccounts, Secrets, ConfigMaps, and ResourceQuotas, providing practical commands and usage notes for each component.
The 2021 year‑end review highlights the rapid rise of Serverless, the accelerated release cadence and security focus of Kubernetes, the deepening of frontend low‑code development, the practical expansion of service mesh, the growing Rust ecosystem, cloud‑native database evolution, the maturation of Software 2.0, and emerging audio‑video innovations driven by the metaverse.
This article details ByteDance's technical evaluation and implementation of Kube-OVN as a CNI solution for hybrid virtual‑machine and container workloads, covering selection criteria, the initial network design, identified issues, subsequent optimizations, and future roadmap considerations within a cloud‑native Kubernetes environment.
This article analyzes the complexities of deploying machine‑learning models in production, outlines the limitations of the existing ABox architecture, and details a comprehensive cloud‑native redesign using Seldon on Kubernetes—including custom HDFS initializers, GPU management, logging, and resource monitoring—to streamline operations and enable unified CPU/GPU model serving.
Debugging microservices in a Kubernetes environment is challenging due to the abstraction of pods, network complexities, infrastructure issues, and application-level faults, but by monitoring at the service layer, aggregating data, and applying machine‑learning‑based anomaly detection, teams can effectively identify and resolve problems.
This article showcases clear architecture diagrams of Kubernetes clusters, OpenShift clusters, and common CI/CD pipelines—including GitLab webhooks, Jenkins shared libraries, SonarScanner integration, logging, and metrics—to help engineers understand modern cloud‑native operational designs.
The article explains how Kube‑OVN can create a flexible, efficient, and secure cross‑Kubernetes‑cluster network plane to meet user demands such as high availability, multi‑cloud separation, disaster‑recovery, and hybrid‑cloud compliance, and demonstrates its use with TiDB, MySQL, and WordPress workloads.
This guide explains what vmagent is, its key features, and provides step‑by‑step instructions to install, configure, and verify vmagent on a Kubernetes cluster, including namespace and RBAC setup, custom scrape configs, monitoring endpoints, and troubleshooting tips.
This guide walks through deploying a Redis cluster on Kubernetes, covering the challenges of stateful workloads, the use of StatefulSets and Headless Services, configuration of persistence, and step‑by‑step commands to create, initialize, and expose the cluster.
This article traces the history of container technology from early Linux Containers (LXC) through Docker’s rise, the emergence of Kubernetes, and explains core concepts such as cgroups, namespaces, OCI standards, and how containers appear as isolated processes from both host and container perspectives.
This article examines the limitations of a standard Prometheus‑based monitoring stack on Kubernetes, explains how adopting Thanos improves metric retention and reduces infrastructure costs, and provides a detailed multi‑cluster deployment guide with Terraform, TLS configuration, and Grafana visualization.
OpenKruise v1.0, the CNCF‑hosted Kubernetes extension, expands beyond basic workloads with enhanced Workload types, in‑place upgrades, high‑availability safeguards, and advanced operational tools, drawing on Alibaba’s massive container experience and now adopted by over 35 global adopters.
This guide walks you through planning, deploying, and configuring a production‑grade KubeSphere‑based Kubernetes cluster for small environments, covering node layout, storage choices, middleware setup, OS and Docker preparation, HAProxy/Keepalived high‑availability, and KubeKey installation with verification steps.
This article explains the inner workings of the Kubernetes scheduler, details its pre‑score, score, and normalize‑score phases, discusses zone handling and resource fragmentation, and demonstrates how to extend the scheduler using the Scheduling Framework with a custom Go plugin.
This article examines the core functionalities of Terraform and Helm, highlighting how each tool manages Kubernetes clusters, automates infrastructure provisioning, and supports DevOps workflows, helping teams decide which solution best fits their cloud‑native development needs.
This guide walks you through designing a simple front‑back separation microservice architecture, implementing it with Java Spring Boot, deploying multiple instances with Eureka, adding Prometheus‑Grafana monitoring, logging, tracing, flow control, and finally installing Kubernetes using K8seasy and verifying high‑availability across the cluster.
This article walks through a real‑world Kubernetes outage caused by DNS and Nacos client bugs, explains the chain of failures, and presents a failure‑oriented design that adds push‑empty protection and outlier removal using Alibaba Cloud MSE to keep microservices highly available.
This article presents a comprehensive technical overview of Alluxio, covering its role as a distributed data orchestration layer for AI workloads, core features such as caching and unified namespace, performance challenges in large‑scale machine‑learning pipelines, and the extensive optimizations and testing performed at Tencent to achieve high throughput and scalability.
This article explains Alibaba Cloud Container Service for Kubernetes's differential SLO approach, detailing the reclaimed‑resource model, CPU burst and topology‑aware scheduling, kernel group identity, memory watermark tiering, and real‑world case studies that demonstrate significant improvements in cluster efficiency and latency‑sensitive workload performance.
This article describes how Liulishuo replaced its custom CD platform with the open‑source ArgoCD solution, detailing the motivations, architecture components, design concepts, deployment workflows, code snippets, advantages, and future plans for automated gray‑release in a cloud‑native Kubernetes environment.
This article explains how containers communicate within a pod, between pods, and with services in Kubernetes, and compares Calico's IPIP and BGP networking modes, detailing their traffic handling, suitable scenarios, efficiency, and configuration steps.
This article reviews Kubernetes pod fundamentals, explains why pods cannot be directly accessed, describes how to expose them via node ports, and details how Services with virtual IPs and kube-proxy provide load balancing and dynamic pod discovery using label selectors.
This article explains how KubeDL, Alibaba’s open-source Kubernetes-based AI workload framework, extends standard container networking with HostNetwork support to eliminate overlay overhead, detailing the benefits, challenges, configuration steps, and performance gains for large-scale distributed training.
The team replaced the cumbersome ABox deployment stack with Seldon‑based cloud‑native serving on Kubernetes, unifying TensorFlow and other framework models, adding GPU sharing, automated CRUD, per‑model ingress, monitoring, and log collection, achieving scalable, fault‑tolerant, zero‑downtime model deployment.
This article introduces NGINX Service Mesh (NSM), a lightweight, highly integrated service‑mesh solution for Kubernetes that leverages NGINX Plus as a data plane, explains its security, traffic‑management, visualization, and hybrid‑deployment capabilities, outlines its architecture and components, and provides step‑by‑step commands for installation, verification, and sidecar injection.
This guide explains the background of TPC‑C, its key concepts, and provides a detailed, container‑based procedure for setting up the environment, preparing data, running the benchmark on RadonDB MySQL in Kubernetes, and interpreting throughput and price‑performance results.
This article describes a cloud‑native offline mixed‑deployment solution that leverages Kubernetes to share resources between big‑data clusters and business services, outlines its implementation steps, presents detailed performance comparisons between Yarn and Kubernetes using TPC‑DS, Spark, and Terasort workloads, and discusses production experience and future plans.
This article presents a comprehensive roadmap for adopting microservice architecture, explaining why it is chosen, outlining essential concerns such as Docker, container orchestration, API gateways, load balancing, service discovery, event buses, logging, monitoring, tracing, data persistence, caching, and cloud providers, and recommending popular tools for each component.
AutoKH is a cloud‑native mixed‑workload framework that integrates Kubernetes and Hadoop to dynamically schedule online and offline tasks, improve CPU and memory utilization, enforce priority classes, and ensure service stability through operators, CronHPA, and resource‑control components.
Laidian Technology leveraged Alibaba Cloud's Microservices Engine (MSE) to implement low‑cost, non‑intrusive full‑link gray release, improving system stability, accelerating feature rollout, and showcasing the benefits of containerization, Kubernetes integration, and comprehensive service governance in a fast‑growing microservice environment.
This guide shows how to configure KubeSphere’s multi‑tenant authentication by integrating Dex as an OIDC provider with GitLab, covering Dex installation via Helm, customizing values, updating KubeSphere’s cluster configuration, and verifying the new “Login via Dex” flow.
The article examines how banks can select and implement cloud‑native persistent storage on Kubernetes‑based container platforms, covering storage types, CSI integration, DBaaS options, data consistency challenges, and strategies for high‑concurrency fault recovery in the financial sector.
This article explains how to use Helm to deploy a full Kubernetes cluster within another Kubernetes cluster, detailing the Kubefarm project, PXE‑bootable server farms, Kubernetes‑in‑Kubernetes architecture, node provisioning via PXE, certificate management with cert‑manager, and advanced networking and webhook integration.
This tutorial explains the fundamentals of service mesh, explores Istio’s architecture and core components, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for installing Istio on Kubernetes, deploying a sample microservice application, and leveraging traffic management, mutual TLS, observability, and advanced use cases such as routing, circuit breaking, and JWT‑based access control.
This article introduces Apache APISIX, a high‑performance API gateway built on OpenResty and etcd, explains its architecture, demonstrates how to install it as a Kubernetes Ingress controller using Helm charts, and shows configuration, routing, and dashboard usage with example manifests and commands.
This tutorial explains the purpose, core resources, and practical deployment of the Kubernetes Gateway API on GKE, covering gateway classes, CRD installation, gateway and HTTPRoute configuration, cross‑namespace routing, and verification with curl tests.
Facing large‑scale production demands, Ctrip’s Cloud Container team designed a multi‑data‑center Service Mesh architecture that isolates failures, employs dual‑active IDC, multi‑cluster deployments, and optimized xDS push mechanisms, ensuring high availability, rapid fault recovery, and efficient rollout across hundreds of services.
This document provides a comprehensive technical overview of Elasticsearch, comparing it with Solr and ClickHouse, detailing common operational pain points and configuration solutions, describing containerized and ECK deployments, and outlining a company‑wide automation platform for cluster provisioning, monitoring, index and security management, with future directions for lifecycle and backup strategies.
This article explains why deploying Kubernetes on bare‑metal servers offers six key benefits—simpler networking, better cost efficiency for demanding workloads, superior performance, stronger security, workload‑specific optimization, and freedom from vendor lock‑in—making it a smarter choice than virtual‑machine‑based solutions.
The article introduces Alibaba's open‑source Sentinel, a cloud‑native high‑availability protection component for distributed microservices that offers flow control, circuit breaking, concurrency limiting and adaptive overload protection, and highlights the new Sentinel Go v1.0.4 features such as Prometheus metrics, enhanced circuit‑breaker recovery, Apollo data source, and updated Kubernetes CRD support for version 1.22+.
This article details the 58.com WPAI machine learning platform's architecture and the optimizations applied to training task scheduling, inference service elastic scaling, and offline‑online resource mixing, demonstrating how these techniques significantly improve GPU/CPU utilization and inference performance across both GPU and CPU environments.
This tutorial explains the fundamentals of service mesh, details Istio's architecture and core components, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for installing Istio on Kubernetes, deploying a sample microservice application, and leveraging traffic management, security, and observability features.
This article explains how containerization integrates with DevOps, detailing the advantages of container‑based delivery pipelines, the differences between traditional and containerized workflows, and the role of orchestration platforms like Kubernetes in creating efficient, portable, and scalable software deployments.
The article reviews the 2021 Kubernetes ecosystem, covering three major releases, new memory management, security enhancements, scalability features, usability improvements, the rise of Cilium Service Mesh and serverless projects, and forecasts 2022 trends toward security and eBPF adoption.
This article explains what the Container Network Interface (CNI) is, how Kubernetes uses CNI plugins, and provides a detailed comparison of Overlay, Routing, and Underlay plugins based on environment constraints, functional needs, and performance considerations.
