distributed architecture

Architect's Guide

Jun 10, 2025 · Cloud Native

How Microservices Evolve: From Monoliths to Cloud‑Native Service Governance

This article traces the evolution of internet architecture from monolithic and MVC designs through multi‑application and distributed systems, explains service‑oriented architecture and its benefits, introduces Dubbo‑based service governance, and outlines the core concepts, features, and implementation approaches of microservices.

DubboService Meshcloud native

0 likes · 12 min read

How Microservices Evolve: From Monoliths to Cloud‑Native Service Governance

Mike Chen's Internet Architecture

Jun 3, 2025 · Big Data

Kafka High-Concurrency Core Design Explained

This article explains how Kafka achieves high concurrency through its distributed broker cluster, partitioned topics, sequential log writes, message compression, asynchronous producer mechanisms, and OS page‑cache techniques, illustrating the combined architectural and performance optimizations that enable massive throughput.

Kafkaasynchronous producerdistributed architecture

0 likes · 4 min read

Kafka High-Concurrency Core Design Explained

Raymond Ops

Jun 1, 2025 · Backend Development

RocketMQ vs Others: Key Features, Reliability, and Performance

RocketMQ, an Apache‑licensed distributed message queue from Alibaba, offers low latency, high reliability, and high throughput through features like distributed architecture, synchronous disk flushing, master‑slave replication, and flexible messaging models, and it compares favorably against Kafka, RabbitMQ, and ActiveMQ in various scenarios.

Message Queuedistributed architecturehigh reliability

0 likes · 11 min read

RocketMQ vs Others: Key Features, Reliability, and Performance

DeWu Technology

Apr 28, 2025 · Databases

GreptimeDB Distributed Architecture, Transparent Caching, and Flow‑Based Real‑Time Analytics

GreptimeDB solves front‑end observability challenges with a distributed architecture (frontend, datanode, flownode, metasrv), transparent two‑level caching, elastic scaling, and an SQL‑based flow engine for real‑time multi‑granularity aggregation and approximate counting, delivering millisecond query latency and cost‑effective storage.

GreptimeDBHyperLogLogSQL

0 likes · 12 min read

GreptimeDB Distributed Architecture, Transparent Caching, and Flow‑Based Real‑Time Analytics

DeWu Technology

Apr 16, 2025 · Databases

DGraph 2024 Architecture Upgrade and Performance Optimizations

In 2024 DGraph upgraded its architecture by splitting single clusters into multiple business‑specific clusters, adopting a sharded active‑active topology, and replacing its 1:N thread‑pool with an M:N grouped execution model that uses atomic scheduling, while parallelizing FlatBuffer encoding, streamlining SDK conversions, adding DAG debugging, timeline analysis, and dynamic sub‑graph templates to boost scalability, stability and developer productivity.

DAGbackend engineeringdistributed architecture

0 likes · 13 min read

DGraph 2024 Architecture Upgrade and Performance Optimizations

JD Retail Technology

Apr 8, 2025 · Databases

ClickHouse Architecture and Core Technologies Overview

ClickHouse is an open‑source, massively parallel, column‑oriented OLAP database that integrates its own columnar storage, vectorized batch processing, pre‑sorted data, diverse table engines, extensive data types, sharding with replication, sparse primary‑key and skip indexes, and a multithreaded query engine, delivering high‑throughput real‑time analytics on massive datasets.

Big DataClickHouseOLAP

0 likes · 15 min read

ClickHouse Architecture and Core Technologies Overview

360 Zhihui Cloud Developer

Apr 2, 2025 · Databases

How VictoriaMetrics' Distributed Architecture Scales Massive Time‑Series Data

VictoriaMetrics employs a modular, horizontally scalable architecture composed of vmagent, vminsert, vmstorage, vmselect, and vmalert, each handling data collection, ingestion, storage, querying, and alerting, while leveraging consistent hashing, LSM‑tree storage, TSID indexing, and multi‑tenant isolation to efficiently manage large‑scale time‑series workloads.

Query OptimizationScalable storageVictoriaMetrics

0 likes · 11 min read

How VictoriaMetrics' Distributed Architecture Scales Massive Time‑Series Data

360 Zhihui Cloud Developer

Mar 3, 2025 · Cloud Computing

How Distributed DHCP Boosts VM Creation Speed in 360 Cloud

This article explains the challenges of centralized DHCP in 360’s OpenStack‑based virtual network, analyzes performance and reliability issues, and presents a distributed DHCP redesign that moves DHCP processing to the compute node, reducing latency, improving stability, and cutting operational costs.

Cloud NetworkingDHCPOpenStack

0 likes · 14 min read

How Distributed DHCP Boosts VM Creation Speed in 360 Cloud

DataFunSummit

Mar 1, 2025 · Databases

Innovations and Breakthroughs of ClickHouse in Real‑Time OLAP

This article introduces ClickHouse as an open‑source column‑store OLAP database, outlines its core features, explains its distributed and cloud‑native architectures—including SharedMergeTree for serverless operation—presents benchmark results, compares community and enterprise editions, and answers common questions about its future direction.

ClickHouseReal-time OLAPbenchmark

0 likes · 15 min read

Innovations and Breakthroughs of ClickHouse in Real‑Time OLAP

vivo Internet Technology

Feb 26, 2025 · Backend Development

Building a Million-User Group Chat System: Server-Side Architecture and Implementation

The article details how to engineer a Web‑based group chat that supports one million members by selecting WebSocket for real‑time communication, using read‑diffusion storage, a three‑layer architecture with Redis routing and Kafka queues, ensuring ordered, reliable delivery via TCP, ACKs and UUID deduplication, calculating unread counts with Redis ZSETs, and handling massive traffic through rate‑limiting, protobuf compression and message chunking.

IM systemKafkaRead Diffusion

0 likes · 21 min read

Building a Million-User Group Chat System: Server-Side Architecture and Implementation

Top Architecture Tech Stack

Jan 8, 2025 · Operations

Technical Evolution and Architecture of China's 12306 Railway Ticketing System

The article reviews the historical development, distributed architecture, high‑concurrency handling, and operational challenges of China's 12306 railway ticketing platform, highlighting its evolution from early Unix‑based systems to the modern large‑scale, real‑time service that supports hundreds of millions of users during peak travel periods.

chinadistributed architecturehigh concurrency

0 likes · 9 min read

Architect

Dec 29, 2024 · Backend Development

The Architecture and Evolution of China's 12306 Railway Ticketing System

An in‑depth look at the evolution of China’s 12306 railway ticketing platform, tracing its origins from early Unix‑based reservation software through successive upgrades, distributed architectures, massive concurrency handling, and the unique centralized design that makes it one of the world’s most robust high‑traffic web systems.

backendchinadistributed architecture

0 likes · 10 min read

The Architecture and Evolution of China's 12306 Railway Ticketing System

IT Architects Alliance

Dec 4, 2024 · Big Data

Design and Architecture of a Billion‑Scale High‑Performance Notification System

The article presents a comprehensive overview of a billion‑scale high‑performance notification system, detailing its objectives, distributed architecture, big‑data processing, AI algorithms, cloud resource management, performance optimization, security measures, and future trends such as AI‑big‑data fusion, edge‑cloud collaboration, and quantum computing.

Artificial IntelligenceBig Datacloud computing

0 likes · 38 min read

Design and Architecture of a Billion‑Scale High‑Performance Notification System

Mike Chen's Internet Architecture

Sep 19, 2024 · Backend Development

Understanding High Concurrency: TPS Thresholds and Architectural Solutions

The article explains what high concurrency means, defines TPS thresholds for moderate, high, and ultra‑high traffic, and outlines key backend techniques such as distributed and microservice architectures, caching, load balancing, traffic shaping, and rate‑limiting/circuit‑breaking to handle massive request volumes.

Load BalancingRate LimitingTPS

0 likes · 6 min read

Understanding High Concurrency: TPS Thresholds and Architectural Solutions

Architecture & Thinking

Aug 1, 2024 · Databases

Choosing the Right Sharding Middleware: ShardingSphere vs MyCAT vs Vitess

This article explains why sharding is needed for high‑traffic databases, outlines vertical and horizontal partitioning, and compares three popular sharding middleware—ShardingSphere, MyCAT, and Vitess—detailing their architectures, advantages, and ideal use cases to help engineers select the right solution.

Database MiddlewareMySQLSharding

0 likes · 9 min read

Choosing the Right Sharding Middleware: ShardingSphere vs MyCAT vs Vitess

Wukong Talks Architecture

Jul 14, 2024 · Backend Development

Comprehensive System Refactoring Case Study: From Monolithic to Distributed Architecture

This article details a complete system refactoring project, describing the original monolithic bottlenecks, the design of a distributed architecture, database model reconstruction, phased migration, testing, and rollout strategies to achieve scalable, reliable backend services.

Migrationbackend developmentdatabase redesign

0 likes · 17 min read

Architect

Jul 2, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Mooncake: A Separated Architecture for Large‑Language‑Model Inference

The article presents Mooncake, a split‑architecture inference platform for the Kimi LLM assistant, detailing its three elastic resource pools, the rationale for using Time‑Between‑Tokens over TPOT, and design choices for Prefill, KVCache, and Decode stages to improve latency and throughput.

AI systemsKVCacheLLM inference

0 likes · 9 min read

Mooncake: A Separated Architecture for Large‑Language‑Model Inference

iKang Technology Team

Apr 29, 2024 · Backend Development

Best Practices for Building Scalable Backend Systems

Building a scalable backend requires a distributed architecture complemented by caching, optimized database queries, robust monitoring, message queues, load balancing, horizontal scaling with containers, CDN integration, auto‑scaling, and a microservices design to ensure performance, reliability, and seamless growth under increasing demand.

Load Balancingbackendcaching

0 likes · 6 min read

Best Practices for Building Scalable Backend Systems

Architect

Mar 29, 2024 · Databases

Understanding Database Sharding and Partitioning with ShardingSphere

This article explains the fundamentals of database sharding and partitioning, why they are needed for massive data volumes, various vertical and horizontal splitting strategies, routing algorithms, client vs. proxy deployment models, and the practical challenges and solutions when using ShardingSphere 5.x.

Horizontal SplittingMySQLShardingSphere

0 likes · 17 min read

Understanding Database Sharding and Partitioning with ShardingSphere

Wukong Talks Architecture

Dec 26, 2023 · Backend Development

System Refactoring Case Study: From Monolithic to Distributed Architecture and Database Redesign

This article details a comprehensive system refactoring project that transformed a monolithic, all‑in‑one architecture into a distributed, micro‑service‑based design with a completely rebuilt database model, covering problem analysis, solution design, phased implementation, testing, and rollout strategies.

Migrationbackend engineeringdatabase redesign

0 likes · 19 min read

System Refactoring Case Study: From Monolithic to Distributed Architecture and Database Redesign