Sharing over a decade of architecture experience from Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent.
This article explains why Nginx’s “master‑slave” term refers to a high‑availability setup, details the four‑layer architecture, shows a complete configuration example, and walks through the failover process using VIP and Keepalived.
This article explains how Nginx functions as a reverse proxy, detailing its role as a unified entry point that hides backend servers, improves concurrency, and can be deployed in single‑node, load‑balanced, or multi‑layer architectures with concrete configuration examples and design considerations.
The article explains Nginx’s core load‑balancing mechanisms, detailing four primary scheduling algorithms—Round Robin, Weighted Round Robin, IP Hash, and Least Connections—along with their advantages, drawbacks, and suitable scenarios, illustrated with diagrams and example configurations.
The article explains that MySQL redo log operates at the InnoDB engine layer to ensure transaction durability and crash recovery, while binlog works at the server layer to record logical changes for replication, archiving, and point‑in‑time recovery, highlighting their distinct layers, purposes, content, and write mechanisms.
The article compares Docker containers with traditional virtual machines across four core aspects—resource consumption, isolation mechanisms, startup speed, and deployment efficiency—showing that containers use shared kernels for lower memory and CPU overhead, provide process‑level isolation, start in under a second, and enable rapid CI/CD workflows.
This article provides a detailed reference of essential Nginx commands—including startup, shutdown, reload, configuration checks, process signaling, debugging, and monitoring—explaining their effects, typical use cases, and the underlying behavior of master and worker processes.
The article explains forward and reverse proxy concepts, walks through the key stages of Nginx reverse‑proxy processing—including TCP connection, request reception, upstream selection via proxy_pass, load‑balancing algorithms, and content forwarding—and provides a complete configuration example with header settings and load‑balancing strategies.
This comprehensive Redis guide covers its role as a core component in large‑scale architectures, explains common use cases, walks through installation and configuration options, details all primary data structures with commands and examples, and explores persistence, transactions, Lua scripting, replication, Sentinel, and cluster modes.
The article analyzes why payment systems require far higher transactions‑per‑second than typical web apps, outlines the challenges of distributed transactions under high load, and classifies TPS levels—from 1,000 daily to over 300,000—as benchmarks, citing Alipay’s Double 11 peak as an ultra‑high example.
The article explains how Redis attains up to 500,000 queries per second on a single node by leveraging ultra‑fast in‑memory access, a single‑threaded core for data operations, and epoll‑based I/O multiplexing that eliminates per‑connection thread overhead.
