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Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 23, 2017 · Backend Development

Evolution of a Startup's Backend Architecture: From Single Server to Distributed System

After leaving Baidu in 2015, the author recounts nearly two years of evolving a startup’s backend architecture—from a single‑server Tomcat setup to multi‑node clusters with Nginx reverse proxy, database sharding, caching, session sharing, and service‑oriented design—highlighting challenges, optimizations, and lessons learned.

Distributed SystemsScalabilityTomcat
0 likes · 5 min read
Evolution of a Startup's Backend Architecture: From Single Server to Distributed System
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 14, 2017 · Information Security

Top HTTPS & HTTP/2 Errors and Practical Fixes

This guide compiles common HTTPS and HTTP/2 deployment problems—such as Let’s Encrypt validation failures, certificate transparency errors, SNI incompatibility, cipher‑suite misconfigurations, and mixed‑content issues—and provides concise, actionable solutions with reference links for each case.

HTTP/2HTTPSSSL
0 likes · 8 min read
Top HTTPS & HTTP/2 Errors and Practical Fixes
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 6, 2017 · Operations

Essential Linux Kernel Tweaks to Boost Nginx Performance

This guide explains why the default Linux kernel settings are unsuitable for high‑concurrency Nginx servers, shows how to edit /etc/sysctl.conf, and provides a curated list of TCP and network parameters with practical comments to improve throughput and latency.

Kernel TuningTCPnginx
0 likes · 7 min read
Essential Linux Kernel Tweaks to Boost Nginx Performance
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
May 10, 2017 · Operations

Step‑by‑Step: Monitor Nginx and PHP‑FPM Status with Zabbix

This guide walks through configuring Zabbix to monitor Nginx and PHP‑FPM status, covering software installation paths, enabling status modules, creating extraction scripts, setting up Zabbix agent userparameters, restarting services, testing data retrieval, and adding server‑side templates for items, triggers, and graphs.

LinuxScriptingmonitoring
0 likes · 9 min read
Step‑by‑Step: Monitor Nginx and PHP‑FPM Status with Zabbix
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Apr 26, 2017 · Operations

Unlock Nginx: Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing & Static Serving Without Add‑ons

This article explains how Nginx can function as a reverse proxy, load balancer, HTTP server with static‑file handling, and forward proxy without relying on third‑party modules, providing configuration examples and discussing built‑in load‑balancing strategies such as round‑robin, weight, ip_hash, fair, and url_hash.

HTTP serverOperationsconfiguration
0 likes · 11 min read
Unlock Nginx: Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing & Static Serving Without Add‑ons
ITPUB
ITPUB
Apr 15, 2017 · Operations

How to Configure Nginx Load Balancing with Multiple Tomcat Instances on Windows

This step‑by‑step guide shows how to prepare two Tomcat servers, create a simple web project, configure Nginx as a reverse‑proxy load balancer with various strategies, start the services on Windows, and verify that requests are distributed across the Tomcat instances.

OperationsTomcatbackend
0 likes · 6 min read
How to Configure Nginx Load Balancing with Multiple Tomcat Instances on Windows
21CTO
21CTO
Apr 9, 2017 · Backend Development

How HTTP Streaming Evolved: From Simple Downloads to Adaptive Bitrate

This article traces the evolution of HTTP-based video streaming—from early full‑file downloads through progressive download, pseudo‑streaming, and finally adaptive bitrate technologies like HLS and MPEG‑DASH—explaining key concepts, server implementations, and optimization techniques.

HTTP streamingMedia ServerVideo on Demand
0 likes · 7 min read
How HTTP Streaming Evolved: From Simple Downloads to Adaptive Bitrate
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 23, 2017 · Operations

Choosing the Right Open‑Source Proxy: Nginx vs HAProxy vs Varnish

This article compares three popular open‑source proxy servers—Nginx, HAProxy, and Varnish—detailing their performance, features, and ideal use‑cases, helping ops and network engineers decide which solution best fits high‑availability, high‑concurrency environments while considering maintenance overhead and resource consumption.

HAProxyProxyVarnish
0 likes · 6 min read
Choosing the Right Open‑Source Proxy: Nginx vs HAProxy vs Varnish
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Mar 22, 2017 · Operations

Why Nginx Returns 400 Bad Request and How to Fix It

This article walks through a real‑world Nginx 400 Bad Request incident, explaining how missing or malformed Host headers and added proxy headers caused the error, and provides step‑by‑step diagnostics, configuration comparisons, and the final fix of using the correct $host variable.

400 Bad RequestHost headernginx
0 likes · 13 min read
Why Nginx Returns 400 Bad Request and How to Fix It
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Mar 20, 2017 · Backend Development

How to Choose and Manage Nginx Modules and Process Modes

This guide explains how Nginx modules are organized, how to view and select available modules with ./configure --help, add third‑party modules using the --add-module option, and understand Nginx’s single‑process and master‑worker process models.

backendconfigurationmodules
0 likes · 4 min read
How to Choose and Manage Nginx Modules and Process Modes
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Mar 16, 2017 · Operations

Hide Nginx Version Info and Optimize Server Performance

This guide explains how to conceal Nginx version headers, modify source files to remove software identifiers, change default users, tune worker processes, adjust connection limits, enable efficient file transfer, and set appropriate timeouts for a more secure and performant web server.

configurationnginxperformance
0 likes · 6 min read
Hide Nginx Version Info and Optimize Server Performance
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 6, 2017 · Operations

Why HAProxy Beats Nginx for Load Balancing: 4‑Layer vs 7‑Layer Insights

This article explains how load balancers act as the nervous system of web applications, compares hardware versus open‑source solutions, and details why HAProxy—especially in TCP (layer 4) mode—often outperforms Nginx for high‑performance reverse proxy and load‑balancing tasks.

HAProxyHTTPTCP
0 likes · 6 min read
Why HAProxy Beats Nginx for Load Balancing: 4‑Layer vs 7‑Layer Insights
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Feb 24, 2017 · Backend Development

Guide to Setting Up, Building, and Deploying an ASP.NET Core + Angular2 Project on CentOS

This tutorial walks through installing .NET Core, disabling the firewall, setting up Nginx on CentOS, generating and building an ASP.NET Core + Angular2 template with npm and webpack, publishing the app, transferring it to the server, running it, and configuring Nginx as a reverse proxy for external access.

ASP.NET CoreAngularCentOS
0 likes · 7 min read
Guide to Setting Up, Building, and Deploying an ASP.NET Core + Angular2 Project on CentOS
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Feb 23, 2017 · Cloud Computing

Building Small Web Tools on Tencent Cloud: Questionnaire System, QR‑Code Utility, Map Search, and Xcode Download

The article walks through setting up a low‑cost Tencent Cloud Ubuntu server with Apache or Nginx‑PHP, then demonstrates building four lightweight web utilities—a self‑hosted questionnaire system, a JavaScript QR‑code generator/scanner with short‑URL support, a Baidu‑map search tool, and a PHP script that parses Apple’s CFPropertyList to list Xcode dmg and docset download URLs.

PHPTencent Cloudmap-api
0 likes · 13 min read
Building Small Web Tools on Tencent Cloud: Questionnaire System, QR‑Code Utility, Map Search, and Xcode Download
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jan 18, 2017 · Backend Development

Mastering High-Availability Load Balancing with LVS, Keepalived, and Nginx

This article explains the principles and practical deployment steps for high‑availability web architectures using LVS (NAT and DR modes), Keepalived clustering, and Nginx proxy, covering topology diagrams, IPVS rules, weighted scheduling, kernel tweaks, and testing procedures to ensure reliable load balancing.

LVSbackendkeepalived
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering High-Availability Load Balancing with LVS, Keepalived, and Nginx
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Jan 9, 2017 · Backend Development

How JD’s New Asynchronous Rendering Cut Latency from 1000ms to 15ms

This article examines how JD’s activity system evolved its web architecture—introducing full‑page Redis and disk caching, asynchronous rendering, and OpenResty—resulting in a latency drop from around 1000 ms to under 15 ms and dramatically lower CPU usage.

CachingOpenRestybackend
0 likes · 10 min read
How JD’s New Asynchronous Rendering Cut Latency from 1000ms to 15ms
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Jan 8, 2017 · Backend Development

Why Your WeChat Mini‑Program Requests Fail: Fixing Invalid URLs and TLS 1.2 Issues

This article walks through two common pitfalls when connecting a WeChat Mini‑Program to a server—an “invalid url” error caused by using single quotes instead of backticks, and a TLS 1.2 requirement that necessitates upgrading OpenSSL and recompiling Nginx, providing step‑by‑step solutions.

Backend DevelopmentInvalid URLOpenSSL
0 likes · 3 min read
Why Your WeChat Mini‑Program Requests Fail: Fixing Invalid URLs and TLS 1.2 Issues
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Dec 22, 2016 · Mobile Development

Understanding iOS App Transport Security (ATS) and Deploying HTTPS with SSL Certificates

After Apple’s 2017 ATS enforcement requires all iOS apps to use HTTPS, developers must obtain an SSL certificate—such as a free Let’s Encrypt or Tencent Cloud‑issued GeoTrust certificate—install it on their web server (e.g., Nginx), optionally configure CDN encryption, and verify compliance with Apple’s security checks.

ATSHTTPSMobile Development
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding iOS App Transport Security (ATS) and Deploying HTTPS with SSL Certificates
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
Nov 22, 2016 · Backend Development

Why PHP OpCache Fails with Symlinks and How to Fix It

A PHP backend team discovered that enabling OpCache with a symlinked project caused the new version to be ignored, traced the issue to cached file paths, and resolved it by adjusting Nginx fastcgi parameters to use the real path, restoring proper deployment behavior.

OPcachePHPnginx
0 likes · 5 min read
Why PHP OpCache Fails with Symlinks and How to Fix It
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Nov 13, 2016 · Frontend Development

Master Browser Caching: HTTP Headers, Spring MVC Code, and Nginx Configuration

This article explains how browsers cache resources, the role of HTTP response headers such as Last-Modified, Expires, Cache-Control, ETag, and Age, and provides practical examples of controlling cache behavior with Spring MVC code and detailed Nginx configuration for both static and proxy caching.

Cache-Controlbrowser cachinghttp-headers
0 likes · 21 min read
Master Browser Caching: HTTP Headers, Spring MVC Code, and Nginx Configuration
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Nov 8, 2016 · Backend Development

Master Multi-Level Caching: Strategies, Load Balancing, and Fast Recovery

This article explores multi‑level caching architectures, detailing how Nginx, local and distributed caches, and Tomcat interact, and offers practical solutions for expiration strategies, dimensional caching, load‑balancing algorithms, hot‑data handling, atomic updates, and rapid recovery from cache failures.

Cache ConsistencyCachingMulti-level Cache
0 likes · 17 min read
Master Multi-Level Caching: Strategies, Load Balancing, and Fast Recovery
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Nov 1, 2016 · Operations

JEN: JD Extended Nginx Platform for Scalable Management and Automation

The article introduces JEN, JD's extended Nginx platform that centralizes configuration, monitoring, traffic splitting, rate limiting and automated operations through a web console and Ansible integration, addressing the complexity, restart requirements, and scaling challenges of large‑scale Nginx deployments.

AutomationConfiguration ManagementOperations
0 likes · 14 min read
JEN: JD Extended Nginx Platform for Scalable Management and Automation
Aotu Lab
Aotu Lab
Oct 19, 2016 · Backend Development

How to Build an H5 Live Streaming System with HLS, RTMP, Nginx, and FFmpeg

This guide walks through the fundamentals of HLS and RTMP protocols, compares their trade‑offs, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for setting up an Nginx‑RTMP server, configuring HLS, recording with WebRTC, and playing live streams in HTML5 video tags.

FFmpegHTML5RTMP
0 likes · 15 min read
How to Build an H5 Live Streaming System with HLS, RTMP, Nginx, and FFmpeg
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Sep 20, 2016 · Backend Development

Zero‑Intrusion Data Fallback with Nginx + Lua: A Practical Guide

This article explains how to design a robust, zero‑intrusion data fallback component for high‑traffic web services using Nginx, Lua, and AOP principles, covering problem definition, architectural options, detailed execution steps, configuration snippets, storage choices, and performance monitoring.

AOPData FallbackLua
0 likes · 11 min read
Zero‑Intrusion Data Fallback with Nginx + Lua: A Practical Guide
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Sep 11, 2016 · Operations

Master Keepalived: Step-by-Step HA Setup for Nginx with VIP Failover

This guide walks through installing and configuring Keepalived on two CentOS servers to provide automatic Nginx health checking, virtual IP failover, and high‑availability load balancing, including scripts, service commands, and advanced iptables techniques to avoid packet loss during maintenance.

VIP Failoverkeepalivednginx
0 likes · 10 min read
Master Keepalived: Step-by-Step HA Setup for Nginx with VIP Failover
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Sep 6, 2016 · Information Security

How to Harden Nginx: Buffer Limits, Timeouts, and Security Best Practices

This guide walks through securing an Nginx web server by configuring buffer size limits, timeouts, concurrent connection controls, host and method restrictions, user‑agent blocking, hot‑link protection, directory access rules, SSL setup, PHP hardening, chroot isolation, and firewall‑level IP connection limits.

SSLbufferfirewall
0 likes · 14 min read
How to Harden Nginx: Buffer Limits, Timeouts, and Security Best Practices
Aotu Lab
Aotu Lab
Aug 22, 2016 · Backend Development

Mastering Nginx HTTPS: From SSL Certificates to Advanced Security Optimizations

This guide walks you through obtaining a trusted SSL certificate, generating keys and CSR with OpenSSL, configuring HTTPS in Nginx, and applying performance and security enhancements such as keep‑alive, session caching, HSTS, strong cipher suites, and name‑based virtual host solutions.

HSTSOpenSSLSSL
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering Nginx HTTPS: From SSL Certificates to Advanced Security Optimizations
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Aug 22, 2016 · Backend Development

Debugging Rare Core Dumps in High‑Concurrency Nginx: From GDB to ASan

This article details a real‑world investigation of extremely low‑probability core dumps and memory leaks in a heavily modified Nginx/OpenSSL stack, covering debugging strategies, custom traffic‑control testing, distributed load generation, use of valgrind and AddressSanitizer, performance profiling with perf, and the mindset needed to solve such high‑concurrency bugs.

AddressSanitizerDebuggingcore dump
0 likes · 21 min read
Debugging Rare Core Dumps in High‑Concurrency Nginx: From GDB to ASan
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jun 27, 2016 · Operations

Nginx vs Apache: Which Web Server Fits Your Operations Needs?

This article compares Nginx and Apache from an operations learner’s perspective, examining their operating system support, regional market share, scalability, PHP integration, configuration ease, and source code characteristics, concluding with guidance on when each server is appropriate.

Web servernginx
0 likes · 10 min read
Nginx vs Apache: Which Web Server Fits Your Operations Needs?
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 21, 2016 · Backend Development

How to Debug Rare Core Dumps and Memory Leaks in High‑Concurrency Nginx/OpenSSL Deployments

This article walks through a real‑world investigation of intermittent core dumps and memory leaks in a heavily modified Nginx + OpenSSL stack under extreme QPS, detailing debugging strategies, custom load‑testing tools, and performance‑profiling techniques that helped pinpoint and fix the root causes.

DebuggingMemory LeakOpenSSL
0 likes · 23 min read
How to Debug Rare Core Dumps and Memory Leaks in High‑Concurrency Nginx/OpenSSL Deployments
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 18, 2016 · Backend Development

Debugging Rare Core Dumps and Memory Leaks in High‑Concurrency Nginx with OpenSSL

The article describes a real‑world investigation of extremely low‑probability core dumps and memory leaks in a heavily modified Nginx + OpenSSL stack, detailing the debugging workflow, custom high‑concurrency test harness, use of tools such as GDB, perf, Valgrind, AddressSanitizer, and the performance‑hotspot analysis that ultimately resolved the issues.

DebuggingMemory LeakOpenSSL
0 likes · 19 min read
Debugging Rare Core Dumps and Memory Leaks in High‑Concurrency Nginx with OpenSSL
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 15, 2016 · Information Security

How a Nginx Null‑Byte Upload Vulnerability Fueled a Server Load Spike

A sudden 50% server load increase was traced to a malicious PHP file uploaded via an Nginx %00 null‑byte vulnerability, revealing how the exploit works, how it was detected, and steps to prevent future attacks.

Server Loadnginxnull-byte vulnerability
0 likes · 7 min read
How a Nginx Null‑Byte Upload Vulnerability Fueled a Server Load Spike
21CTO
21CTO
Jun 14, 2016 · Backend Development

Mastering Nginx Access Layer Rate Limiting: Practical Configurations and Code Samples

This article explains how to implement access‑layer rate limiting in Nginx using built‑in modules, OpenResty Lua extensions, and token‑bucket or leaky‑bucket algorithms, with detailed configuration snippets, execution flow, testing procedures, and log analysis for robust traffic control.

LuaOpenRestyRate Limiting
0 likes · 21 min read
Mastering Nginx Access Layer Rate Limiting: Practical Configurations and Code Samples
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 14, 2016 · Operations

How to Diagnose and Fix Nginx 502 Bad Gateway Errors

This guide explains why Nginx returns 502 Bad Gateway, outlines common trigger conditions, and provides step‑by‑step commands and configuration tweaks—such as adjusting FastCGI process limits, timeout values, buffer sizes, and php‑fpm settings—to reliably resolve the issue.

502Serverfastcgi
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Diagnose and Fix Nginx 502 Bad Gateway Errors
21CTO
21CTO
Jun 12, 2016 · Backend Development

Mastering Rate Limiting: Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket, and Real‑World Implementations

This article explains why caching, degradation, and rate limiting are essential for high‑concurrency systems, details token‑bucket and leaky‑bucket algorithms, shows application‑level, distributed, and edge‑level throttling techniques, and provides practical Java, Guava, Redis‑Lua, and Nginx‑Lua code examples.

GuavaJavaRate Limiting
0 likes · 17 min read
Mastering Rate Limiting: Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket, and Real‑World Implementations
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 3, 2016 · Operations

How to Block Specific Country IPs with Nginx and GeoIP on a VPS

This guide explains how to compile Nginx with the GeoIP module, install MaxMind's GeoIP library and database, configure the system linker, and set up Nginx directives to redirect traffic from selected countries to custom pages on a single VPS.

GeoIPIP blockingVPS
0 likes · 5 min read
How to Block Specific Country IPs with Nginx and GeoIP on a VPS
ITPUB
ITPUB
May 25, 2016 · Information Security

Defending Nginx Against CC Attacks with Cookie Validation and Lua Rate Limiting

This guide explains how to use simple Nginx configurations, enhanced cookie checks, and Lua scripts to create unforgeable tokens, limit request rates, and protect web services from CC attacks, scanning tools, and other malicious traffic while maintaining normal user access.

LuaRate LimitingWeb Security
0 likes · 13 min read
Defending Nginx Against CC Attacks with Cookie Validation and Lua Rate Limiting
21CTO
21CTO
May 7, 2016 · Backend Development

Common Nginx+PHP Pitfalls and How to Write a Clean Configuration

This article examines typical mistakes in Nginx‑PHP setups—such as misplaced index directives, misuse of the if statement, and fastcgi configuration quirks—and provides a streamlined, secure configuration example with explanations.

Best PracticesPHPconfiguration
0 likes · 6 min read
Common Nginx+PHP Pitfalls and How to Write a Clean Configuration
21CTO
21CTO
Apr 23, 2016 · Operations

How to Achieve Nginx High Availability with Keepalived on Linux

This guide explains how to use Keepalived and the VRRP protocol to build a two‑node high‑availability setup for Nginx, covering installation, health‑check scripts, configuration options, testing procedures, and troubleshooting tips for seamless failover.

VRRPhigh availabilityload balancing
0 likes · 16 min read
How to Achieve Nginx High Availability with Keepalived on Linux
21CTO
21CTO
Apr 23, 2016 · Backend Development

Nginx Load Balancing: Weighted Round Robin, IP Hash, Fair & Consistent Hash

This article examines nginx’s built‑in and extended load‑balancing algorithms—including weighted round‑robin, IP hash, fair, generic hash and consistent hash—by dissecting source code, describing implementation details, and presenting comparative performance tests that evaluate balance, consistency and fault‑tolerance across various scenarios.

IP HashWeighted Round Robinload balancing
0 likes · 13 min read
Nginx Load Balancing: Weighted Round Robin, IP Hash, Fair & Consistent Hash
ITPUB
ITPUB
Apr 3, 2016 · Operations

Why Nginx Proxy Stops Accepting New Connections with fastsocket – A Full Diagnosis

The article walks through a real‑world investigation of an Nginx HTTP forward proxy on an Alibaba Cloud server that stops accepting new connections after a while, detailing hypothesis testing, strace analysis, fastsocket feature toggles, accept_mutex behavior, and the final fix by adjusting the NIC's RPS settings.

RPSaccept_mutexepoll_wait
0 likes · 9 min read
Why Nginx Proxy Stops Accepting New Connections with fastsocket – A Full Diagnosis
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 28, 2016 · Frontend Development

How Dangdang Boosted Page Speed: Componentization, Lazy Loading, and Nginx Caching

This article details Dangdang Marketplace's comprehensive performance optimization—including component-based design, proactive data generation, asynchronous loading, lazy rendering, multi‑domain and CDN strategies, GZIP compression, and Nginx fastcgi/proxy caching—showing how these measures reduced first‑screen time to under three seconds and dramatically lowered CPU and load during high‑traffic events.

CachingFrontendPHP
0 likes · 17 min read
How Dangdang Boosted Page Speed: Componentization, Lazy Loading, and Nginx Caching
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Mar 27, 2016 · Frontend Development

Dangdang Marketplace Page Performance Optimization Practices and Results

This article details the comprehensive performance optimization strategies applied to Dangdang's marketplace, covering componentization, data generation and loading improvements, front‑end techniques such as lazy loading and script placement, network enhancements like DNS prefetch and CDN, and server‑side caching with Nginx and PHP asynchronous requests, along with measured CPU and load reductions.

Cachingnginxperformance
0 likes · 17 min read
Dangdang Marketplace Page Performance Optimization Practices and Results
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 26, 2016 · Backend Development

Why Does Nginx Use a Multi‑Process, Asynchronous Event Model?

This article explains nginx’s high‑performance architecture, detailing its daemon mode with a master process and multiple worker processes, the multi‑process model advantages, signal‑based control, the asynchronous non‑blocking event handling using epoll, and includes a representative pseudo‑code of its event loop.

AsynchronousEvent-drivenProcess Model
0 likes · 13 min read
Why Does Nginx Use a Multi‑Process, Asynchronous Event Model?
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Mar 19, 2016 · Backend Development

Using Nginx + Lua (ngx_lua) for High‑Performance Web Applications

This article introduces the advantages of Nginx and Lua, explains the ngx_lua module and OpenResty ecosystem, describes common architectural patterns such as load balancing and caching, and provides a step‑by‑step guide to building, configuring, and deploying a Lua‑based web application on Nginx.

CachingLuaOpenResty
0 likes · 23 min read
Using Nginx + Lua (ngx_lua) for High‑Performance Web Applications
ITPUB
ITPUB
Mar 16, 2016 · Backend Development

Implementing Gray Release for HTTP Read APIs with Nginx and Gateway Layers

This article explains how to design a gray‑release solution for HTTP read interfaces by using either Nginx with embedded Lua scripts or a version‑aware gateway layer, detailing rule design, configuration handling, and the trade‑offs of each approach.

Gray ReleaseHTTPLua
0 likes · 8 min read
Implementing Gray Release for HTTP Read APIs with Nginx and Gateway Layers
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Mar 10, 2016 · Cloud Native

Docker in the Real World: Lessons, Pitfalls, and the Quest for a Perfect Container Architecture

After experimenting with Docker to isolate PHP‑FPM and Nginx services, a small startup shares the challenges they faced—from link networking quirks and service discovery with Consul, to CI image builds, log handling, monitoring, and the hidden costs of container restarts—offering practical insights for anyone adopting containerization.

ConsulContainerizationPHP
0 likes · 8 min read
Docker in the Real World: Lessons, Pitfalls, and the Quest for a Perfect Container Architecture
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 8, 2016 · Backend Development

How to Build a High‑Performance, Secure Nginx Web Server on CentOS

This guide walks through why Nginx is preferred over Apache for high‑traffic sites, provides step‑by‑step instructions for compiling and installing Nginx on CentOS, and details extensive performance tuning and security hardening techniques to support tens of thousands of concurrent connections.

CentOSLinuxSecurity
0 likes · 18 min read
How to Build a High‑Performance, Secure Nginx Web Server on CentOS
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Mar 8, 2016 · Backend Development

Practices for Handling High Traffic on JD.com Product Detail Pages

The article details JD.com's technical strategies for scaling product detail pages under massive traffic, covering service decomposition, KV‑based dynamic rendering with Nginx+Lua, unified service gateways, isolation, caching, monitoring, degradation, and performance testing to achieve sub‑50 ms response times.

Backend ArchitectureCachingJD.com
0 likes · 16 min read
Practices for Handling High Traffic on JD.com Product Detail Pages
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Mar 7, 2016 · Operations

How to Build a High‑Performance, Secure Nginx Web Server on CentOS

This guide walks through why Nginx is preferred over Apache, detailed steps to compile and install it on CentOS, and extensive configuration tweaks—including worker processes, kernel parameters, SELinux policies, and request‑filtering rules—to achieve high concurrency and robust security for production web services.

LinuxSecurityWeb server
0 likes · 17 min read
How to Build a High‑Performance, Secure Nginx Web Server on CentOS
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Mar 1, 2016 · Backend Development

Build a Mini CDN with Nginx in 3 Simple Steps

This guide walks you through creating a lightweight CDN using Nginx on Ubuntu, covering installation, virtual host configuration, cache settings, and testing, while explaining core concepts like origin pull, proxy caching, and header management for educational purposes.

CDNLinuxProxy
0 likes · 9 min read
Build a Mini CDN with Nginx in 3 Simple Steps
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 27, 2016 · Backend Development

Mastering Software Load Balancing: Nginx, LVS, and HAProxy Deep Dive

This article provides a comprehensive overview of software load balancing, detailing the architecture, features, performance characteristics, and various load‑balancing strategies of Nginx, LVS, and HAProxy, and explains how to choose and deploy them in different scenarios.

HAProxyLVSbackend
0 likes · 21 min read
Mastering Software Load Balancing: Nginx, LVS, and HAProxy Deep Dive
Aotu Lab
Aotu Lab
Jan 13, 2016 · Operations

Automate Website Deployment with GitHub Webhooks and Shell Scripts

This guide explains how to use GitHub Webhooks together with a shell deployment script, a Node.js listener, and Nginx reverse proxy to achieve fully automated website deployment, covering setup, code examples, and practical considerations.

GitHubNode.jsWebhooks
0 likes · 8 min read
Automate Website Deployment with GitHub Webhooks and Shell Scripts
21CTO
21CTO
Dec 21, 2015 · Backend Development

How JD.com Scaled Its Product Detail Pages to Billions of Views

This article details JD.com's evolution of product detail page architecture—from early IIS/C# monoliths to a distributed, cache‑heavy, Nginx+Lua system—covering front‑end dimensions, performance metrics, design principles, scaling challenges, storage engine choices, multi‑datacenter deployment, and the lessons learned from numerous production pitfalls.

Distributed SystemsLuaProduct Detail Page
0 likes · 24 min read
How JD.com Scaled Its Product Detail Pages to Billions of Views
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Dec 18, 2015 · Backend Development

Mastering Reverse Proxy with Nginx: Windows Load‑Balancing for IIS Sites

This article explains reverse proxy concepts, introduces Nginx’s core features and architecture, and provides a step‑by‑step guide to set up Nginx on Windows as a reverse‑proxy and load‑balancer for IIS‑hosted ASP.NET sites, including service registration, configuration tuning, static‑file caching, and testing.

IISWeb serverWindows
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering Reverse Proxy with Nginx: Windows Load‑Balancing for IIS Sites
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
Dec 8, 2015 · Backend Development

OpenResty Best Practices and Adoption in High‑Performance Backend Development

The article presents a comprehensive overview of OpenResty, describing its architecture, suitable scenarios, selection criteria, real‑world adoption at Qihoo 360 and Sina Mobile, onboarding challenges, future roadmap, and community efforts, illustrating why it is a powerful backend solution for high‑throughput services.

Luabackendhigh performance
0 likes · 19 min read
OpenResty Best Practices and Adoption in High‑Performance Backend Development
ITPUB
ITPUB
Dec 4, 2015 · Backend Development

How to Measure and Optimize System Load Capacity for High‑Concurrency Backends

This guide explains key metrics, influencing factors, and practical tuning steps—including bandwidth, hardware, OS limits, TCP parameters, and server configurations—to assess and improve a backend system's maximum request handling capacity under high concurrency.

ConcurrencyLinux TuningMySQL
0 likes · 19 min read
How to Measure and Optimize System Load Capacity for High‑Concurrency Backends
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
Nov 25, 2015 · Backend Development

Unified Service Architecture for JD’s Billion-Scale Product Detail Page during Double Eleven

This article describes JD’s unified service architecture for the product detail page that handled tens of billions of requests during Double Eleven, detailing the multi‑level caching strategy, Nginx+Lua access layer, service isolation, degradation mechanisms, and front‑end logic offloading.

CachingLuaService Architecture
0 likes · 22 min read
Unified Service Architecture for JD’s Billion-Scale Product Detail Page during Double Eleven
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 14, 2015 · Backend Development

How Nginx Lua Enables Aspect‑Oriented Backend Design with Low Coupling

This article explains how aspect‑oriented programming can be applied to a backend system by separating cross‑cutting concerns such as request encryption, authentication, and permission handling using Sinatra extensions and Nginx Lua scripts, resulting in a modular, low‑coupling architecture.

AOPLuaSinatra
0 likes · 10 min read
How Nginx Lua Enables Aspect‑Oriented Backend Design with Low Coupling
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 13, 2015 · Backend Development

How to Leverage Nginx Lua for Aspect‑Oriented Backend Architecture

This article explains how to apply aspect‑oriented programming principles to a Ruby‑based API service by extracting cross‑cutting concerns such as request encryption, authentication, and permission checks into Nginx Lua middleware, enabling low‑coupling, scalable backend modules.

AOPLuaSinatra
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Leverage Nginx Lua for Aspect‑Oriented Backend Architecture
Architect
Architect
Nov 4, 2015 · Backend Development

Optimizing Web Server Performance: Reducing Concurrency Pressure, Memory and CPU Usage

The article explains why modern web systems face ever‑increasing concurrent connections, analyzes how front‑end techniques and server‑side configurations such as Apache MPM modes, Nginx, sendfile, and epoll can reduce memory and CPU consumption, and offers practical recommendations for efficient backend architecture.

ApacheCPU optimizationWeb Performance
0 likes · 17 min read
Optimizing Web Server Performance: Reducing Concurrency Pressure, Memory and CPU Usage
Node Underground
Node Underground
Nov 3, 2015 · Backend Development

Unlocking Node.js Multi‑Process Power: How Cluster and Fork Boost Performance

This article examines Node.js’s early criticisms about reliability and single‑threaded limits, then explains how the built‑in cluster module and fork() enable multi‑process deployment, load balancing, and communication, illustrated with code demos, performance insights, and a look at nginx proxy integration.

ClusterNode.jsfork
0 likes · 9 min read
Unlocking Node.js Multi‑Process Power: How Cluster and Fork Boost Performance
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Oct 18, 2015 · Operations

Nginx Plus TCP Load Balancing: Configuration, Principles, and Monitoring

This article explains how Nginx Plus’s commercial stream module enables TCP load balancing, detailing configuration steps, underlying routing algorithms, health monitoring, connection handling, and performance considerations, while comparing it to HTTP load balancing and other layer‑4 solutions.

OperationsStream Modulebackend
0 likes · 8 min read
Nginx Plus TCP Load Balancing: Configuration, Principles, and Monitoring
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Oct 7, 2015 · Operations

Understanding Nginx’s Three Process Types: Master, Worker, and Cache

This article explains the three types of Nginx processes—master, worker, and cache—detailing each one's responsibilities, from configuration loading and socket management to request handling, cache indexing, and inter‑process communication, while also covering smooth reloads, upgrades, and cache index management.

Cache ManagementMaster ProcessServer Processes
0 likes · 3 min read
Understanding Nginx’s Three Process Types: Master, Worker, and Cache
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 21, 2015 · Operations

How to Enable and Configure TCP Load Balancing with Nginx Plus

This article explains how Nginx Plus adds TCP load‑balancing via the stream module, compares it with HTTP load‑balancing, provides configuration examples, describes the routing algorithm, health‑check mechanisms, and performance considerations for high‑concurrency environments.

Stream Modulebackendconfiguration
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Enable and Configure TCP Load Balancing with Nginx Plus
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 16, 2015 · Operations

Master Nginx: From Installation to Load Balancing and Service Scripts

This guide walks through testing Nginx configuration, starting the server, understanding its load‑balancing architecture, installing from source with required dependencies, handling common build errors, reviewing the final configuration summary, and creating a Linux init script for reliable service management.

Installationconfigurationinit script
0 likes · 10 min read
Master Nginx: From Installation to Load Balancing and Service Scripts