This guide explains how to use the JavaScript Fetch API to retrieve and send JSON data, covering basic GET requests, parsing responses, configuring request options, handling POST submissions with appropriate headers, and using polyfills for unsupported browsers.
Magic-API is a Java-based rapid development framework that enables developers to create HTTP API interfaces without writing traditional controller, service, DAO, or XML code, offering extensive features, quick-start Maven integration, configurable properties, and a visual UI for managing endpoints.
This guide explains how to replace the old Alipay transfer interface with the new certificate‑based alipay.fund.trans.uni.transfer API, upgrade the SDK, configure certificates, add Maven dependencies, and implement Spring‑Boot beans and utility classes for secure payment and transfer operations.
Spring GraphQL has officially left the experimental stage to become a top‑level Spring project, with a milestone release planned, and the article explains its collaboration with GraphQL Java, the goals of the integration, a brief overview of GraphQL versus REST, and upcoming conference talks.
This article walks through creating a Python desktop demo that uses Youdao's OCR translation API to batch‑process cosmetic product label images, covering API credential setup, request parameters, signature generation, core code snippets, and a summary of the translation results.
This article analyzes various token‑based authentication methods across multiple client scenarios, categorizes tokens into password, session, and API types, compares their natural and controllable attributes, outlines hierarchical relationships, and offers design guidelines to improve security, privacy, and usability in multi‑client systems.
This guide explains how to install the iszsw/mock library via Composer, add test controllers with annotation routing and validation, configure static resources, generate nested mock data using MockPack, and produce API documentation, providing complete code examples for PHP backend projects.
This article explains the concept of API idempotency, why it is needed for reliable retries, and presents practical designs using global unique identifiers such as UUID and Snowflake, including their advantages, drawbacks, and implementation considerations for backend services.
The article examines the shortcomings of REST APIs—such as lack of standards, cumbersome pagination, fragile documentation, and heavy client‑server coordination—and explains how GraphQL’s typed schema, automatic validation, precise field selection, and strong tooling provide a more efficient and maintainable alternative for modern web and mobile applications.
The article proposes a unified cross‑platform front‑end API specification and SDK that abstracts differences among WebView, mini‑programs, React Native, Flutter, and other containers, consolidating 55+ APIs for 30+ apps, reducing duplicated code, maintenance, and testing while enabling extensible, reusable functionality across Alibaba’s ecosystem.
This article explains microservices architecture, contrasting it with monolithic systems, outlines the problems solved by microservices, lists their advantages and disadvantages, presents a practical API example with code, and discusses splitting strategies, design principles, and common migration patterns.
This article explains the shortcomings of the legacy java.util.Date and Calendar classes, outlines the motivations behind creating a new date‑time API, and introduces Java 8's JSR‑310 solution with its comprehensive class hierarchy, range handling, chronology support, and fluent method design.
Creating a robust API involves more than just making it work; developers must address four critical non‑functional aspects—security (HTTPS, CORS, JWT authentication, scopes), comprehensive documentation, thorough validation, and systematic testing—to ensure reliability, safety, and maintainability in production environments.
This article introduces the FunTester distributed testing framework, explains its single‑node HTTP API, provides complete Java, generic Java, and Groovy code examples, details request parameters, response structure, and the underlying PerformanceResultBean class for analyzing test results.
This article explains the design, configuration, and usage of the JD Logistics gateway frontend plugin built on Axios, detailing how it enables zero‑cost integration across multiple environments and account types while providing extensible request/response handling and customizable login redirects.
This tutorial walks you through creating an interactive Excel weather dashboard using Python's xlwings and requests libraries, covering API selection, data retrieval, code integration, Excel macro setup, UI design, and dynamic updates for multiple Chinese cities.
This article explores how to build a comprehensive API development platform that covers the entire API lifecycle—from lightweight gateway handling and object‑driven modeling to automatic contract generation, rule processing, service composition, source‑code export, and microservice packaging—providing practical guidance for backend engineers.
This article details Ant Group's evolution from monolithic applications to microservices and its large‑scale adoption of Service Mesh, describing the motivations, challenges, architecture, multi‑mesh capabilities, and the design of a cloud‑native application runtime built on MOSN to decouple applications from infrastructure.
magic-api is a Java-based rapid API development framework that eliminates the need for traditional Controllers, Services, DAOs, and XML files by providing a UI for defining endpoints, supporting Spring Boot integration, CRUD operations, validation, transactions, result mapping, and Swagger integration, with detailed configuration examples.
This article explains why the StringJoiner class was introduced as a more flexible alternative to StringBuilder, details its internal fields, constructors, and core methods such as add, merge, toString, length, and setEmptyValue, and demonstrates their behavior with concrete Java code examples.
This article explains the limitations of traditional REST APIs, introduces GraphQL as a more flexible and efficient alternative, details its core concepts, execution model, schema design, type system, and provides guidance on server and client implementations, popular services, and tooling.
This article explains the limitations of traditional RESTful APIs, introduces GraphQL as a flexible query language, details its core concepts such as operation types, object and scalar types, and schema definition, and provides a complete Python Flask example with code analysis, execution steps, and a discussion of its advantages and drawbacks.
This article explains the limitations of traditional RESTful APIs, introduces GraphQL's core concepts and operation types, provides a step‑by‑step Flask and Graphene implementation for querying and mutating book data, and discusses the practical pros and cons of adopting GraphQL in real‑world projects.
The article explains how to manage the entire API lifecycle—from design, development, testing, and deployment to monitoring and governance—by separating responsibilities into an API development platform, a lightweight gateway, a monitoring layer, and a control portal, while emphasizing object‑driven modeling, automatic contract generation, rule processing, service composition, and microservice packaging.
This tutorial explains how to replace traditional REST APIs with GraphQL by building a Spring Boot application, defining Java entities, writing GraphQL schema, implementing query resolvers, configuring the endpoint, and testing queries using tools like Altair.
This article explains how to manage the complete API lifecycle by using an API development platform for object‑driven modeling, automatic contract generation, integration with API gateways, rule processing, service composition, source‑code export, and microservice deployment, providing a comprehensive guide for modern backend development.
This article explains the structure and meaning of HTTP status codes, detailing each of the five response classes (1xx informational, 2xx success, 3xx redirection, 4xx client error, 5xx server error) and providing concise descriptions for the most common codes within each class.
This article explains why NullPointerExceptions occur in Java, introduces the Optional API introduced in Java 8, details its core methods with source code examples, and demonstrates practical usage patterns that replace verbose null‑checks with concise, expressive functional code.
This article introduces the GoPUP library, which provides over a hundred free data interfaces—including social media indexes, macro‑economic figures, company information, and epidemic statistics—accessible with simple Python code, making data analysis faster and easier.
This article explains how concise yet valuable project documentation—README, architecture, and API docs—helps developers onboard quickly, understand system design, and maintain long‑term project health, while offering practical content guidelines and real‑world examples.
This article introduces Java 8's new date‑time API, explains its immutable and thread‑safe design, lists the key classes such as Instant, LocalDate, LocalTime, ZonedDateTime, and provides step‑by‑step code examples for obtaining current dates, manipulating specific dates, handling time zones, calculating intervals, and formatting dates.
This article presents a Python script that shows how to programmatically send text, markdown, and image‑text (news) messages through an Enterprise WeChat robot, enabling automated test report notifications that incorporate phone numbers and group mentions.
This article explains the origins and limitations of REST APIs, introduces GraphQL as a flexible alternative, describes its core concepts such as schema, types, and modifiers, and outlines various server‑side and client‑side implementations, tools, and deployment architectures for modern backend development.
This guide shows how to use Python to post text, markdown, and image‑text (news) messages to a WeChat Work webhook, covering required headers, payload structures, and example code for each message type.
The article explains how microservice APIs serve as contracts, the impact of changing those contracts, and practical versioning approaches—including URL or header versioning, mediator patterns, and hypermedia—to ensure backward compatibility and smooth evolution of services.
This article introduces the Airtest mobile automation IDE, explains its cross‑platform and platform‑specific APIs, and provides detailed code examples for device initialization, control, app management, screen actions, and assertions, enabling developers to automate mobile testing efficiently.
This article explains the concept of API idempotency, presents common scenarios that cause duplicate data, and details eight practical solutions—including pre‑select before insert, pessimistic and optimistic locking, unique indexes, anti‑duplicate tables, state‑machine checks, distributed locks, and token‑based approaches—along with their implementation steps and caveats.
This article walks through the step‑by‑step reverse‑engineering process used to identify and replicate the MD5‑based sign generation in a web API request, detailing parameter extraction, code inspection, and cookie handling to recreate the required authentication logic.
This article explains how to extract song information from KuGou by inspecting network requests, simplifying URLs, generating required MD5 signatures, constructing authenticated API calls, and using Python to download the resulting audio files to a local directory.
This article analyzes token‑based identity authentication in multi‑client information systems, classifies various token types, compares their natural and controllable attributes, and proposes a hierarchical token architecture that balances security, usability, and lifecycle management across web, mobile, and API scenarios.
The decade‑long Google‑Oracle Java API lawsuit, its timeline of claims, court rulings, and the Supreme Court’s final fair‑use decision, sparked intense debate among developers about copyright, innovation, and the future of software development.
The Supreme Court ruled APIs uncopyrightable, letting Google use Java code in Android, while LG exits the smartphone market, a massive Facebook data leak surfaces, UK developer jobs surge amid skill shortages, and Python 3.9.4 patches critical security flaws.
This article provides a comprehensive, step‑by‑step analysis of Docker's client‑server architecture, the Docker Engine API for image building, the internal workings of the Docker CLI, the differences between the legacy builder and BuildKit, and how the dockerd daemon processes build requests, complete with code excerpts and diagrams.
This guide shows Java developers how to use the Cloudmersive API to create both unencrypted and password‑protected ZIP archives, covering Maven setup, API key configuration, and complete code examples for handling up to ten files with optional AES‑256 encryption.
This article explains how to implement API request frequency control in PHP using Redis, detailing a function that tracks per‑user request counts within a configurable time window, removes outdated entries, and returns appropriate responses when the limit is exceeded.
This article details the background, architecture, step‑by‑step troubleshooting, analysis of network and server queues, and the final configuration changes that resolved the intermittent slow response times of the Octavia load‑balancer API in an OpenStack environment.
This article introduces Java 8's modern date‑time API, explains why the old java.util.Date and SimpleDateFormat are problematic, and provides a series of concise, runnable examples that demonstrate how to obtain the current date, extract year/month/day, work with specific dates, compare dates, handle time zones, calculate periods, format and parse strings, and more.
Learn how to quickly set up a GraphQL API using Netflix's open‑source DGS framework in a Spring Boot project, covering Maven dependencies, schema definition, data fetcher implementation, UI debugging with GraphiQL, and example curl and Java test calls.
The article explains how the IETF's RFC 7807 standardizes HTTP API error responses by defining a common problem‑details format, describing its fields, JSON/XML examples, benefits for clients and servers, and practical steps for adopting it across various programming ecosystems.
This article explains how to design a unified JSON response structure for backend APIs, define systematic status codes and messages, and implement a global @ResponseResult annotation with interceptors and ResponseBodyAdvice to automatically wrap controller results in a clean, maintainable way.
This guide explains the new WeChat service account subscription message workflow, covering terminology, user subscription steps via JSSDK, handling callback XML, and sending notifications through the official API, while also addressing common integration challenges.
The article explains what APIs are, distinguishes internal, public, and vendor APIs, explores how API‑first companies like Stripe, Shopify, and Twilio build strategic advantages through focus, scale, network effects, and low switching costs, and discusses the benefits and challenges of this business model.
This article explains the necessity of RESTful API versioning and demonstrates four practical versioning techniques—URI, request‑parameter, custom header, and media‑type—using a Spring Boot example with code snippets and discusses factors for choosing the appropriate approach.
This article explains the limitations of traditional REST APIs, introduces GraphQL as a flexible alternative, details its core concepts such as schema, types, queries, mutations and subscriptions, and outlines various deployment architectures and implementation considerations for backend development.
This guide shows how to retrieve the Kubernetes API endpoint, generate an authentication token, deploy a Python script, configure Zabbix host and external check, and manually trigger the monitoring to collect cluster metrics via Zabbix Sender.
This article explains the evolution and limitations of REST APIs, introduces GraphQL as a more flexible, declarative alternative, details its core concepts such as schema and type system, compares execution models, and outlines various backend integration architectures for adopting GraphQL.
This article walks through using Socket.IO to test whiteboard pixel data transmission, presenting a Java test script, sample console logs, and an explanation of the joinRoom interface that pushes full board state to connected clients.
This article compares the four major API architectural styles—RPC, SOAP, REST, and GraphQL—detailing their mechanisms, strengths, weaknesses, and typical use cases, and provides guidance on selecting the most suitable style for a given project.
This article explains ZooKeeper's purpose, core features, and design goals, showing how it simplifies distributed application development by providing high‑performance, highly available coordination services such as naming, locks, leader election, and configuration management while hiding low‑level complexities.
This article explains how to design a unified API response format in a Spring backend by defining a JSON result structure, using standardized status codes, creating a @ResponseResult annotation, and implementing interceptors and ResponseBodyAdvice to automatically wrap controller outputs for cleaner, more maintainable code.
This article explains how to modify a Java search API and write custom performance‑testing scripts that embed unique request marks, enabling precise measurement of each request's response time when header‑based marking is unavailable.
Explore comprehensive API lifecycle management, covering lightweight gateway design, object‑driven API modeling, automatic interface generation, rule processing, service composition, orchestration, source code export, and microservice packaging, illustrating how to build, test, document, and deploy robust backend services efficiently.
This article explains how to protect front‑end/back‑end separated interfaces by designing an API signature scheme that includes appId, appSecret, timestamp, nonce and signature, detailing the generation process, request validation, anti‑replay measures and implementation using a custom filter in Java.
This article explains how to test GraphQL APIs by illustrating request/response examples, outlining testing approaches, reviewing the official sgqlc Python client, and presenting a self‑developed GraphQL testing framework called graphy with its design and usage details.
Facing the challenge of building an open API platform, the author evaluates several open‑source documentation generators—GitBook, smart‑doc, Redoc, Knife4j, YAPI, apidoc, and ShowDoc—detailing their licenses, language, stars, features, pros, cons, and suitability for real‑time online docs.
The article explains microservices as small, single‑purpose services delivered via APIs, describes how they operate and scale with Kubernetes, provides real‑world examples such as Uber, and outlines how APIs enable communication and deployment across cloud‑native architectures.
This compilation presents Qunar's 2020 technical articles covering domain‑driven design, API standardization, backend services, Linux I/O, Redis distributed locks, GraphQL, JVM internals, and performance optimizations, offering detailed insights and practical guidance for engineers seeking to improve system architecture and operational efficiency.
This article examines four major API architectural styles—RPC, SOAP, REST, and GraphQL—detailing their mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, and typical use cases, and provides guidance on selecting the most suitable style based on project requirements and constraints.
This article explains why REST APIs have become cumbersome, introduces GraphQL as a more flexible alternative, describes its core concepts such as schema, types and modifiers, and outlines various server‑side and client‑side integration patterns and tooling options.
This article explains how to design a consistent JSON response structure for Spring-based micro‑service APIs, introduces a Result wrapper class, demonstrates annotation‑driven response handling, and shows controller, interceptor, and advice implementations to produce clean, maintainable backend responses.
This tutorial walks you through using Python's requests library and Zabbix Sender to retrieve Kubernetes API metrics, covering API endpoint discovery, token generation, script deployment, host configuration, and manual trigger of checks to visualize the data.
Idempotency ensures that repeated API calls produce the same effect as a single call, preventing duplicate submissions, token misuse, and inconsistent data; this guide explains the concept, its importance, HTTP definitions, impact on systems, and presents four practical implementation methods—unique keys, optimistic locking, token‑based guards, and sequence numbers—with full SpringBoot and Redis code examples.
This article explains how to standardize backend API responses by defining a JSON result structure, categorizing status codes, and using a custom @ResponseResult annotation with Spring's ResponseBodyAdvice to automatically wrap controller outputs, improving readability and error handling for front‑end developers.
This tutorial shows how to install the Python requests library and use it to perform GET and POST HTTP requests, covering required parameters, headers, and example code for handling responses.
This guide shows how to install the Python requests library and use it to perform GET and POST HTTP requests, explaining required parameters, headers, and providing complete code examples for calling remote APIs.
This guide demonstrates how to retrieve a list of WeChat public account articles by constructing the appropriate API URL, examining its query parameters, viewing the JSON response, and using a Python script to parse the data and generate a markdown file of titles and links.
This article introduces the ThinkPHP PHP framework, explains its MVC three‑layer architecture, describes the built‑in single‑letter helper functions, and outlines a step‑by‑step workflow for creating backend APIs using ThinkPHP’s model and controller layers.
This article outlines seven practical rules for designing clear, consistent, and consumer-friendly REST API URIs, covering topics such as avoiding trailing slashes, using hierarchical separators, preferring hyphens over underscores, lower‑case paths, omitting file extensions, and choosing plural resource names.
This article introduces BiliBiliTool, an open‑source utility that automates daily Bilibili actions such as watching, sharing, and coin‑throwing to earn experience, quickly upgrade account levels, and collect rewards, while providing step‑by‑step instructions for setup and execution.
This tutorial shows how to add query parameters to an API request using Python's requests library, retrieve JSON data about ISS passes over a location, extract timestamps, and convert them into readable dates.
This article explains the challenges of returning large result sets in APIs, compares traditional offset‑based pagination with cursor‑based approaches, shows performance differences through SQL examples, and discusses why cursor pagination is more efficient for deep paging and concurrent data modifications.
This article describes Qunar's comprehensive API standardization effort, detailing the evolution of their API tools, the motivations behind adopting DDD and API governance, the theoretical foundations, the QDoc annotation framework, implementation steps, challenges faced, achieved outcomes, and future plans for continuous improvement.
This article introduces GraphQL as a modern API definition model, explains how to design schemas and queries, outlines its key characteristics such as precise field selection, single‑request data retrieval, front‑back end decoupling, and compares its advantages and drawbacks with traditional RESTful interfaces.
This article presents a step‑by‑step tutorial for PHP beginners on building a simple product‑detail API with ThinkPHP 6.x, covering front‑end HTML form, request‑side controller using cURL, and API controller that queries a database and returns JSON data.
This guide shows how to create a Python 3.7 Socket.IO client script for testing socket interfaces, including installation of the python‑socketio package, handling authentication tokens with tools like Postman, and a complete example script with repository links for reference.
This article explores various techniques to achieve API idempotency in high‑concurrency environments, including token mechanisms, deduplication tables, Redis SETNX keys, state‑machine checks, and both optimistic and pessimistic locking, highlighting their workflows, advantages, and trade‑offs.
This article explains how to avoid JavaScript precision loss when returning Snowflake IDs from a Laravel API by converting unsigned bigint IDs to strings using a custom Resource class, discusses a failed accessor attempt, and outlines performance and front‑end considerations.
This tutorial explains how to build an SMS verification feature in a ThinkPHP application by generating codes, storing them, sending them via Yunpian's API, and validating user input, including required API parameters and controller method implementations.
This article demonstrates how to replace repetitive Java backend code for constructing fixed‑length API request strings by defining POJOs, custom annotations, and a reflection‑based utility that formats parameters, pads strings, handles numeric and monetary fields, and appends an MD5 signature, thereby improving maintainability and reducing bugs.
The article presents a systematic, automated platform that captures, replays, and compares API requests using intelligent sampling and vertical/horizontal privilege checks to detect authorization flaws, dramatically reducing manual testing effort, uncovering over twenty issues monthly, and outlining future CI integration and AI‑enhanced detection.
This tutorial explains how to use WeChat's template message API together with the iciba daily‑sentence service, set up a Python script on an Alibaba Cloud Linux server, configure the template in the public platform, and schedule automatic delivery via a daily cron job.
This article walks you through creating a Python‑based voice synthesis tool using Baidu's AI platform, covering account setup, SDK installation, essential parameters, GUI design with Tkinter, code implementation, error handling, and generating audio files from custom text.
This article outlines essential RESTful API design principles, covering URL structuring, proper use of HTTP verbs, precise status codes, JSON payload conventions, error handling, and HATEOAS linking, providing practical code examples for backend developers to create clear and maintainable web services.
This article explains the difference between APIs and Java SPI, describes how SPI enables plug‑in development through ServiceLoader, and illustrates its practical use with JDBC driver loading and Flink table factories, providing code snippets and implementation steps for backend developers.
This article offers a concise, scenario‑driven introduction to GraphQL, explaining what it is, how it differs from REST, its data‑graph approach, and illustrating usage with sample schema and queries, helping developers quickly grasp its core concepts without diving into detailed implementation.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to Java 8 Stream API, covering its core characteristics, creation methods, essential interfaces, and common operations such as filtering, mapping, reducing, collecting, grouping, and sorting, with clear code examples for each concept.
This guide walks you through installing Nacos via source compilation or Docker, starting it in standalone mode, and using its core OpenAPI endpoints to register, heartbeat, query, and deregister service instances, complete with code snippets and visual screenshots.
This guide explains RESTful concepts, compares Casbin keyMatch functions, demonstrates Postman testing of CRUD endpoints, and shows how to integrate authentication middleware in ThinkPHP5.1, providing complete code snippets and configuration details for secure API development.
This article introduces Java 8's new date‑time API, explains why it replaces the mutable java.util.Date and non‑thread‑safe SimpleDateFormat, and provides a series of clear code examples demonstrating how to obtain current dates, manipulate specific dates, compare dates, handle time zones, work with periods, and format dates using the modern java.time classes.
This guide walks you through using the Python httpx library to perform various HTTP methods—including GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, and OPTIONS—handle query parameters, decode responses, work with JSON, custom headers, form data, file uploads, streaming, cookies, redirects, and authentication, all with clear code examples.
