Why Can’t We Build a 10 GHz CPU Even with Liquid‑Helium Cooling?
Despite record overclocks reaching 9.2 GHz using liquid‑helium cooling, fundamental physical limits—quadratic power‑voltage scaling, exponential heat growth, signal‑propagation delay, and quantum tunnelling leakage—prevent mainstream CPUs from reliably operating at 10 GHz, prompting designers to focus on IPC and architectural efficiency instead of raw clock speed.
