Overview of the Xinchuang (Information Technology Innovation) Industry: CPU, GPU, and Storage Fundamentals

The Xinchuang industry (Information Technology Innovation) aims to achieve self‑controllable information technology and safeguard national information security, comprising four main parts: basic hardware, basic software, application software, and information security.

CPU Concept and Operation – The Central Processing Unit is the core of computation and control, consisting of an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and registers. It follows the fetch‑decode‑execute cycle, extracting instructions from memory, decoding them, and performing operations.

CPU Instruction Set – Instruction sets are collections of commands a CPU can execute. CPUs are classified into CISC (e.g., x86) and RISC (e.g., ARM, RISC‑V, MIPS, POWER, Alpha) architectures.

GPU Concept and Operation – Graphics Processing Units handle image and graphics calculations, performing vertex processing, rasterization, texture mapping, pixel processing, and output. GPUs use a stream‑parallel model and excel at high‑throughput, parallel workloads such as AI training.

GPU vs. CPU – CPUs are low‑latency, serial processors suited for control logic, while GPUs are high‑throughput, parallel processors designed for massive data processing.

GPU Classification – Independent GPUs are mounted on dedicated graphics cards with their own memory, offering higher performance but greater power consumption. Integrated GPUs share system memory with the CPU, providing lower power usage and cost but reduced performance.

Storage Concept and Classification – Computer storage includes various memory types and enterprise storage. Storage media are divided into optical, semiconductor, and magnetic categories. Semiconductor storage comprises RAM (volatile) and ROM (non‑volatile). DRAM and Flash dominate the global market, with DRAM accounting for over 53% of storage in 2020.

Basic Hardware: Full Machine – The article includes visual diagrams of complete hardware systems, illustrating the integration of CPUs, GPUs, and storage within a full computer platform.

The content emphasizes that the Xinchuang industry’s goal is to ensure autonomous, controllable IT infrastructure, with key components such as chips, full machines, operating systems, databases, and middleware forming the critical supply chain.