Fundamentals 10 min read

Detailed Explanation of ARMv8 Exception Handling Process

The article provides a thorough walkthrough of ARMv8 exception handling, describing the four exception levels (EL0‑EL3) and their dedicated stack and status registers, distinguishing synchronous and asynchronous faults, and detailing the vector table, entry routine, ESR‑based type decoding, handling steps such as do_mem_abort, and context restoration, illustrated with a Data Abort case.

OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Detailed Explanation of ARMv8 Exception Handling Process

ARMv8架构下CPU异常处理流程详解。本文主要从ARMv8异常级别、同步异步异常、主要寄存器(通用寄存器R0-R30、堆栈指针SP_EL0-SP_EL3、保存程序状态寄存器SPSR_EL1-SPSR_EL3、异常链接寄存器ELR_EL1-ELR_EL3、异常综合表征寄存器ESR_ELn)、异常入口、异常处理流程等多个方面介绍。

异常级别包括EL0至EL3,每个级别有专用的堆栈指针寄存器(SP_EL0-SP_EL3)和保存程序状态寄存器(SPSR_EL1-SPSR_EL3),异常处理程序可恢复这些寄存器的值。同步异常(如指令异常、数据异常)和异步异常(如中断)的处理流程涉及异常向量表、异常入口(kernel_ventry)、异常类型判断(ESR_ELn EC域)、异常处理程序(do_mem_abort)等。

异常处理流程包括保存现场(kernel_entry)、判断异常类型(ESR_ELn)、跳转至异常处理标签(el1_da)、异常处理程序(do_mem_abort)和恢复现场(kernel_exit)。本文以Data Abort为例,详细阐述了异常处理流程。

Exception HandlingregistersARMv8ELRESRException Levelskernel panicSPSR
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