Packaging Material Recommendation Algorithms for E‑commerce Fulfillment
The article presents a packaging‑material recommendation system for e‑commerce fulfillment that uses rule‑based filters and a three‑dimensional bin‑packing algorithm—both exact integer programming and fast heuristics—to select the smallest suitable box or bag, enabling cost reduction, better space utilization, and lower damage rates through applications such as box‑cutting, order merging, box‑type redesign, and AI‑driven protective‑packaging matching.