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This article explains the communication architecture of shared bicycles, covering smart lock hardware, power generation, QR‑code unlocking, cloud‑based payment, Bluetooth fallback, GPS positioning, and the role of 2G/3G/4G/NB‑IoT technologies in the IoT ecosystem.
Shared‑bike smart locks combine a rider‑powered dynamo, an embedded chip, cellular (2G/3G/4G) or NB‑IoT, Bluetooth fallback, and GPS, using a QR‑code app to request unlocks via the cloud, which also tracks usage, charges users, and manages geofencing despite urban accuracy limits.
NB‑IoT provides a telecom‑grade, low‑power solution for densely populated live‑event venues, delivering up to 50 000 devices per base station with enhanced indoor coverage, reliable data transmission via CoAP and MQTT, and configurable latency modes that bridge the gap until widespread 5G deployment.