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This article explains the concept of IPVS (IP Virtual Server) as a layer‑4 load balancer, compares ipvs with iptables, details LVS scheduling algorithms, and provides step‑by‑step commands for configuring ipvsadm on both load‑balancer and real‑server nodes, including VIP setup and client testing.
This article explains how kube-proxy and CNI plugins cooperate within a Kubernetes cluster to translate Service ClusterIP requests into real Pod IPs, detailing the Netfilter, iptables/ipvs rule configuration, overlay networking modes, and the emerging proxy‑free approaches using eBPF.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to Kubernetes Service networking, covering container network models, intra‑ and inter‑node pod communication, Service‑Pod relationships, Service types (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName), CoreDNS resolution, kube‑proxy operating modes, source IP preservation strategies, and Ingress handling.
This article explains what a Kubernetes Service is, why it is needed, how to create one with a Deployment, and details the internal workings of Service controllers, Endpoints, and kube-proxy using iptables and ipvs modes.
This article explains Kubernetes service discovery by first covering essential network concepts, then detailing how Services, DNS, Endpoints, and kube-proxy work together to provide stable, load‑balanced communication between dynamic Pods in a cluster.
This article explains how Kubernetes enables service‑to‑service communication using three native objects—ClusterIP Service, CoreDNS for DNS‑based discovery, and Kube‑proxy for DNAT—while abstracting the underlying network complexities from applications.
The article explains the workings of kube-proxy in iptables and IPVS modes, compares their differences, describes the use of ipset for efficient rule handling, and defines static Pods in Kubernetes, highlighting their management by the kubelet and lack of API Server involvement.
This article explains the key components of the Kubernetes master control plane, the mechanisms of Replication Controllers and ReplicaSets, and the role of kube-proxy in providing service IPs and load balancing across the cluster.
This article reviews Kubernetes pod architecture, explains how pods obtain external access, and details how Services and kube-proxy provide load balancing and dynamic discovery for pod groups using selectors and virtual IPs.
This article explains Kubernetes service discovery by first covering the underlying pod network concepts, then detailing how Services provide stable endpoints, how they register with cluster DNS, the role of Endpoints and kube-proxy, and the iptables/IPVS mechanisms that route traffic to pods.
This guide explains how kube-proxy in iptables mode, together with Calico BGP routing, translates service IPs to pod IPs, creates custom iptables chains, and routes traffic from external or node ports to the correct pod across a Kubernetes cluster.
This article walks through the complete path of an HTTP request in a GKE Kubernetes cluster, explaining the role of the cloud load balancer, Service and ReplicaSet resources, kube-proxy operation modes, iptables rules, pod networking, and security considerations.
This article explains how Kubernetes provides stable service discovery by using a flat pod network, Service objects with immutable front‑ends and dynamic back‑ends, DNS registration, Endpoints, and kube‑proxy iptables/IPVS rules to route traffic from virtual ClusterIP addresses to healthy pods.
This article provides a detailed source‑code walkthrough of Kubernetes' kube‑proxy IPVS load‑balancing mode, explaining the command‑line setup with cobra, the internal ProxyServer and Proxier structures, the BoundedFrequencyRunner, ServiceConfig handling, and the core syncProxyRules function that generates IPVS, iptables and ipset rules.
This article examines kube-proxy’s three load‑balancing modes, focusing on the IPVS implementation, and walks through its source code, command‑line setup with cobra, core structures like ProxyServer and Proxier, the async BoundedFrequencyRunner, and the detailed service and endpoint synchronization processes.
This article explains the role of Kubernetes Service and kube-proxy, details each Service type (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, Ingress), compares iptables‑based and IPVS‑based load‑balancing implementations, and provides configuration examples for both modes.