Preventing Duplicate Payments in E‑commerce: Process, Problems, and Solutions
This article explains the typical e‑commerce payment flow, analyzes why duplicate payments occur due to missing locks, drop‑offs, and multi‑channel issues, and presents practical backend techniques such as distributed locking, result caching, payment‑stream cancellation, refund handling, active polling, and client‑side pull/push strategies to reliably prevent repeated payments.