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Fundamentals Apr 20, 2022 IT Xianyu

Designing Scalable Systems for Billions of Users: From a Single Server to Distributed Architecture

This article explains how to evolve a simple single‑server web application into a highly available, horizontally and vertically scalable system for billions of users by covering DNS, vertical and horizontal scaling, load balancing, database replication, sharding, denormalization, SQL/NoSQL choices, stateless design, caching, CDN and global deployment.

distributed systemsscalabilityload balancingsystem designcachingdatabase replication
Operations Mar 11, 2022 Architect

Rate Limiting, Circuit Breaking, and Service Degradation: Key Fault‑Tolerance Patterns for Distributed Systems

The article explains why distributed systems need fault‑tolerance mechanisms such as rate limiting, circuit breaking, and service degradation, describes common metrics (TPS, HPS, QPS), outlines several limiting algorithms (counter, sliding window, leaky bucket, token bucket, distributed and Hystrix‑based), and discusses circuit‑breaker states, considerations, and practical Hystrix usage.

Microservicesfault toleranceservice degradationrate limitingcircuit breakerHystrix
Backend Development Mar 8, 2022 Top Architect

Ensuring Session Consistency in Distributed Systems with Spring Session and Redis

This article explains the challenges of session consistency in distributed web architectures, reviews several solutions such as session replication, client‑side storage, hash‑based load balancing, centralized backend storage, and demonstrates a practical implementation using Spring Session with Redis for reliable, scalable session sharing.

distributed systemsbackend developmentload balancingredisspring sessionsession
Backend Development Mar 2, 2022 Top Architect

Cache Design and Optimization Strategies in High‑Concurrency Distributed Systems

The article explains why caching is essential for high‑concurrency distributed systems, analyzes its benefits and costs, and then details various cache‑update, penetration‑prevention, bottom‑hole, avalanche, and hot‑key‑rebuild optimization techniques, offering practical guidance for reliable and performant backend architectures.

distributed systemsRediscachingBloom filtercache eviction
Operations Feb 28, 2022 IT Architects Alliance

Cache Design and Optimization Strategies in High-Concurrency Distributed Systems

This article examines the role of caching in high‑concurrency distributed systems, outlining its benefits and costs, various update policies such as LRU/LFU/FIFO, timeout eviction, active refresh, and advanced techniques like cache penetration protection, no‑hole, avalanche, and hot‑key mitigation.

distributed systemsperformance optimizationcachinghigh concurrencycache penetrationcache eviction
Backend Development Feb 27, 2022 Architect

Cache Design and Optimization in High‑Concurrency Distributed Systems

This article explains the role of caching in high‑concurrency distributed systems, detailing its benefits, costs, various update strategies, and advanced optimizations such as penetration protection, bottom‑hole mitigation, avalanche prevention, and hot‑key rebuild handling.

distributed systemsperformancerediscachingcache avalanchecache penetrationcache evictionhot key
Backend Development Feb 23, 2022 Code Ape Tech Column

Design and Implementation of Delayed Message Queues in Distributed Systems

This article examines various delayed‑message implementations in distributed message‑queue systems, comparing external‑storage approaches using databases, RocksDB and Redis, and reviewing built‑in solutions in open‑source MQs such as RocketMQ, Pulsar and QMQ, while discussing their advantages, drawbacks and design considerations.

distributed systemsbackend developmentRedismessage queueRocketMQPulsarRocksDBdelayed messages
Backend Development Feb 21, 2022 Architecture Digest

Cache Design and Optimization Strategies in Distributed Systems

This article explains the benefits, costs, and various update, penetration, bottom‑hole, avalanche, and hot‑key rebuilding strategies for caches in high‑concurrency distributed systems, offering practical guidance on choosing eviction algorithms, using Bloom filters, and improving overall system performance and reliability.

distributed systemsperformanceRediscachingBloom filtercache eviction
Backend Development Feb 16, 2022 Code Ape Tech Column

Cache Design and Optimization Strategies for Distributed Systems

This article explains the benefits, costs, and various update, penetration, hole, avalanche, and hot‑key optimization techniques for caches in high‑concurrency distributed systems, providing practical guidance on choosing appropriate strategies such as LRU/LFU/FIFO, timeout eviction, proactive updates, Bloom filters, and concurrency‑aware batch operations.

distributed systemsperformance optimizationRediscachingcache consistencycache penetrationcache eviction
Fundamentals Feb 13, 2022 Code Ape Tech Column

30 Architectural Principles for Distributed Systems and Software Design

This article presents thirty concise architectural principles covering simplicity, iterative development, automation, scalability, concurrency, distributed system design, user experience, and practical trade‑offs, offering a comprehensive guide for architects and engineers to build robust, maintainable software.

distributed systemsuser experiencearchitecturescalabilityconcurrencysoftware designprinciples
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