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This article explains how Apache Ozone, built on the HDDS layer, addresses the scalability, memory, and performance limitations of HDFS by splitting metadata services, using RocksDB, implementing fine‑grained locking, RAFT‑based HA, and offering rich APIs, while outlining current challenges and future roadmap.
Apache RocketMQ 4.8.0 has been released, featuring extensive optimizations and bug fixes, with significant performance, functionality, and stability enhancements to the Raft‑based DLedger mode, including asynchronous pipeline processing, batch log replication, and various lock and cache improvements that boost throughput by multiple times.
TiDB is a distributed NewSQL database that combines MySQL compatibility with a stateless SQL layer, a PD metadata manager, and a transactional key‑value store, offering automatic scaling, multi‑data‑center Raft replication, global secondary indexes, Percolator‑style 2PC, HTAP via TiFlash, and a rich ecosystem of migration, backup, CDC, and monitoring tools, as demonstrated by its large‑scale deployment at DeWu.
This article reveals how JD Intelligent Cloud’s in‑house cloud disk delivers ultra‑low latency, high‑availability block storage for massive sales events, detailing its Raft‑based architecture, three‑replica consistency, NVMe caching, incremental snapshots, and smart‑NIC acceleration that together ensure 99.99999% data reliability across diverse workloads.
This article explains Pika’s native distributed cluster architecture, detailing its deployment structure, data distribution with tables and slots, request processing flow, both non‑consistent and Raft‑based log replication, and the enhanced metadata management that enables scalable, high‑availability storage beyond single‑node Redis limitations.
iQIYI’s Consul‑based service registry, tightly integrated with its QAE container platform and API gateway, suffered a multi‑DC outage caused by network jitter and a metrics‑library lock‑contention bug, which was resolved by upgrading Go, go‑metrics, and Raft, adding extensive monitoring, redundant DC registration, and dedicated per‑gateway Consul clusters to ensure continued stability and scalability.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of TiDB's architecture, detailing the roles of TiKV Server, Placement Driver (PD), TiDB Server, and the TiSpark component, and explains how Raft ensures data consistency across the distributed database system.
iQIYI’s custom MySQL HA solution replaces the single‑point‑failure MHA manager with a Raft‑based trio of HA Masters and HA Agents that continuously monitor instances, automatically perform same‑DC, cross‑DC, or cross‑region failovers, reconcile diff binlogs, ensure data consistency, and integrate with CMDB, tracing and chaos‑engineering platforms.
This article explains what Paxos is, why distributed systems need strong consistency, compares it with Raft, walks through replication strategies, derives Paxos from majority read/write, details the classic Paxos phases, shows example executions, and discusses optimizations such as Multi‑Paxos and Fast‑Paxos.
This article explains the fundamentals of distributed consistency, covering weak and strong consistency, the CAP theorem, ACID and BASE models, and detailed overviews of 2PC, 3PC, Paxos, Raft, Gossip, NWR, Quorum, and Lease mechanisms, highlighting their trade‑offs and practical use cases.