Understanding Git Merge Conflicts and How to Resolve Them

Version control with Git is essential for modern software projects, but as more team members contribute code, merge conflicts become frequent.

Git pull consists of two operations: git fetch followed by git merge . Depending on whether the merge encounters conflicts, three situations can arise:

Different files are modified by different users, leading to non‑fast‑forward push errors.

The same file is edited in different locations, causing overlapping changes.

Both a file name and its contents are changed simultaneously.

Scenario 1 – Modifying Different Files : User D pushes changes to mock/开屏广告.txt while User L modifies mock/原生广告.txt . When User L pushes, a non‑fast‑forward error occurs. The conflict is resolved by pulling the latest changes, merging, and then pushing again.

Scenario 2 – Editing the Same File in Different Areas : Both users edit the same file in the feature or mock directories. After pulling the latest version, they can commit and merge without issues.

Scenario 3 – Renaming a File While Another User Edits Its Content : User D renames feature to feature1 while User L edits the original file. Git can automatically handle this conflict, allowing a smooth merge.

Key steps for resolving conflicts include ensuring both local repositories are up‑to‑date with $git pull , committing local changes, and then pushing after successful merges.

In summary, merge conflicts are common in multi‑person development; to minimize them, keep features decoupled, maintain regular pull‑commit‑push cycles, and resolve conflicts early.