Outdated Java Technologies: What to Skip and What to Master

Recently I received many private messages from readers asking whether certain Java technologies are worth learning, and even some overseas students expressed interest in Java graphics programming and related jobs. I was too busy to answer, so I share a senior’s perspective that may help you.

JSP

JSP is mainly used as the View layer in the MVC model, alongside alternatives like FreeMarker and Velocity. In modern "front‑back separation" architectures, the backend provides REST services while the frontend renders data, making JSP and other server‑side view templates largely unnecessary. Therefore, you can safely abandon learning JSP.

Struts

Struts was once a solid MVC framework, but Spring (especially Spring MVC) has become the dominant one‑stop solution for Java development. Most companies now maintain legacy Struts projects but start new ones with Spring MVC. New Java learners should stop studying Struts and begin with Spring MVC.

Hibernate

Hibernate is a powerful ORM framework, but its extensive features bring high learning cost, complex configuration, and difficult performance tuning. For performance‑critical applications, direct SQL access is often required, reducing Hibernate’s advantage. Lightweight alternatives like MyBatis provide similar ORM capabilities while allowing direct SQL interaction, making MyBatis a better choice for most developers today.

Servlet (must master)

Although pure Servlet‑based web applications are rare, Servlets remain the foundation of all Java web containers and MVC frameworks (including Spring MVC). Understanding the Servlet lifecycle enables deep control over request/response processing, such as implementing custom filters for authentication or response modification. Therefore, learning Servlets thoroughly is essential.

Other Technologies

Applet : Browser plugins are obsolete; applets are no longer relevant.

Swing : Desktop UI development in China typically uses C++ (MFC) or C# (WinForms/WPF); Swing is rarely needed.

JDBC : While many frameworks (e.g., MyBatis) abstract JDBC, a basic understanding is useful but not a priority for limited study time.

XML : Still used in some legacy systems, but JSON has become the dominant data‑exchange format; only a superficial grasp of XML is required.

Conclusion

The opinions expressed are personal and may be subjective, but they aim to guide your Java learning path. Focus on Spring MVC, MyBatis, and a deep mastery of Servlets, and avoid spending time on technologies that have largely fallen out of favor.

Good luck with your studies!