Master the 4 Core Principles of Graphic Design: A Practical Learning Plan

Introduction

The design team at LiuliShuo® organized a study group called GDLP (Graphic Design Learning Plan) to help young designers solidify their design fundamentals through a series of in‑depth lessons.

1. The Four Principles of Graphic Design

Contrast

Repetition

Alignment

Proximity

Contrast includes size, color, spatial, temporal, and stylistic differences. Repetition creates visual rhythm and can become a brand signature. Alignment guides the eye and creates balance, often through grid systems. Proximity groups related elements and separates unrelated ones.

2. Proportion and Grid

Designers often struggle with complex layouts; proportion and grid tools provide a quick framework.

Golden Ratio (0.618)

Rule of Thirds / Nine‑grid

Fibonacci Sequence

√2 Rectangle (A‑series paper sizes)

The golden ratio is useful for logos; the Fibonacci sequence approximates it and can guide grid creation; √2 rectangles form the basis of A‑series paper, and extending the concept leads to √3, √4, etc.

3. Use of Point, Line, and Plane

Point: visual information or decorative element; Line: direction, shape, and separation; Plane: overall mood or background.

These elements can transform into each other depending on scale and density, influencing rhythm, pattern, and visual impact.

4. Small Detail Tips

Increase vertical padding inside buttons for a more spacious feel.

Enable “avoid head‑tail” spacing in Sketch/Figma to improve punctuation handling in mixed Chinese‑English text.

Adjust Western font size and baseline to match the height of Chinese characters.

Maintain visual balance; elements of different shapes may appear similarly sized.

Use background stripes instead of lines to separate long tables.