Master rsyslog & OpenSSH: Step‑by‑Step Server Logging and Secure Access

Log Management

Both syslogd (user‑space logs) and klogd (kernel logs) run as separate processes.

# ps aux | grep syslogd
root     1194  0.0  0.2 218472 5768 ?   Ssl  16:37   0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
root     1355  0.0  0.0 12108 1088 pts/0 S+   16:48   0:00 grep --color=auto syslogd
# ps aux | grep klogd
root     1362  0.0  0.0 12108 1080 pts/0 S+   16:51   0:00 grep --color=auto klogd

To configure an rsyslog server, clone a VM (full clone) and assign static IPs:

Client (lnh): 192.168.222.250

Server (xbz): 192.168.222.251

Edit

/etc/rsyslog.conf

on the client to enable remote forwarding, then restart the service:

# systemctl restart rsyslog.service

On the server, uncomment the four lines that enable remote reception, then restart rsyslog and temporarily disable the firewall and SELinux enforcement:

# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
# systemctl stop firewalld.service
# setenforce 0

Verify that the server is listening on port 514/UDP and that logs appear with

tail -f /var/log/secure

.

OpenSSH

Client (lnh) IP: 192.168.222.250, Server (xbz) IP: 192.168.222.251.

Basic SSH connection example:

# ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '192.168.222.251 (192.168.222.251)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:y11UDaNXs3AnvVUnZQfAim2VHAplF09YOvQp2NemHyk.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? y
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.222.251' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:

Host keys are stored in

/etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key*

on the server. Example of a public host key entry in

~/.ssh/known_hosts

:

192.168.222.251 ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBKh5FAHxXc6ck4NXY9q32oHHoZrK1+aMTpEo6smApoMbBUfvSd9YxtlRhd9TdPy8qfPwBg6ZdRkEFeRxlIzaSh8=

Generating SSH Key Pairs

On the client:

# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

Copy the public key to the server:

# ssh-copy-id [email protected]
Number of key(s) added: 1

After the key is installed, password‑less login works:

# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Tue Jul 19 17:05:36 2022 from 192.168.222.1

Repeat the key generation on the server if you also need password‑less access from the client to the server.

Common SCP Options

-r

– recursive copy

-p

– preserve file attributes

-P

– specify remote port

-q

– quiet mode

-a

– archive mode (equivalent to

-rp

)