Introduction to Python's Turtle Library: Basics, Functions, and Example Shapes

Python's Turtle library is a standard module for simple graphics drawing, using a coordinate system centered on the window.

The library allows a turtle cursor to move and draw shapes, with its path forming the graphics.

There are three ways to import the library:

import turtle

from turtle import *

import turtle as t

The turtle.setup(width, height, startx, starty) function configures the window size and position, where width and height can be pixel values or screen ratios, and startx/starty define the window's offset.

Pen state functions include turtle.pencolor() and turtle.color() , which accept color names, RGB decimal values, or RGB tuples.

Pen movement functions such as turtle.forward() , turtle.left() , etc., control the turtle's drawing path.

Example code demonstrates drawing a triangle, a five‑pointed star, and a hexagon using the above functions.