Building and Evolving Data Management Systems: From IT to DT Era, Standards, Models, and Marketization

The article presents a data‑intelligence knowledge map focusing on the data‑governance sector, inviting readers to download the full map and follow the "Da Hua Shu Zhi" public account.

1. Historical Development of the Big‑Data Industry

From the IT era to the DT era

IT era: business‑oriented, supporting existing processes with information systems, emphasizing system functionality.

DT era: data‑centric, eliminating data redundancy and inconsistency, integrating data across the enterprise to enable data‑driven business.

Big‑Data Industry Development Plan (2021)

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "14th Five‑Year Plan for Big Data" outlining six actions, including data‑governance capability improvement, standard development, industrial big‑data value enhancement, and data‑security initiatives.

2. Data Management System

2.1 Definition of Data Assets

Data assets are data generated from past transactions or events that are owned or controlled by an enterprise and are expected to bring economic benefits. Managing metadata and contextual usage turns data into valuable information.

2.2 Development of Data‑Management Theories

ISO9000, TQM, CMMI → ISO8000, TDQM, DMM.

TDQM defines data quality across three dimensions: definition quality, content quality (completeness, timeliness, consistency), and presentation quality.

Three “full” principles: full‑data coverage, full‑staff participation, full‑process integration (quality by design).

2.3 Major Knowledge Frameworks

DMBOK – Internationally recognized data‑management knowledge framework.

DCMM – China‑specific data‑management maturity model (GB/T 36073‑2018).

DMM – Carnegie Mellon’s Data Management Maturity Model.

2.4 DMBOK Critique

Lacks a dedicated data‑standard domain.

Does not separate data strategy as an independent function.

Insufficient focus on data application and lifecycle.

2.5 DMM Model

Introduced in 2014, DMM evaluates five functional domains (strategy, governance, platform/architecture, quality, operations) but omits standards, security, application, and modeling.

2.6 DCMM Model

Chinese‑characteristic model emphasizing data strategy, standards, application, lifecycle, security, pricing, and transaction, with eight capability domains and 28 items evaluated across five maturity levels.

2.7 DCMM Assessment Work

Since December 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has commissioned nationwide DCMM maturity assessments, promoting local adoption, talent cultivation, and industry influence.

2.8 Building a Chinese‑style Data‑Management Personnel System

Introduces certifications such as CDP Registered Data‑Management Professional and DCMM Assessment Specialist to develop talent for data‑quality, security, architecture, and other roles.

2.9 Steps to Build a Data‑Management System

Assess current state (baseline).

Establish governance framework and responsibilities.

Inventory data assets and create catalogs.

Design platform and technical architecture.

Demonstrate asset value and develop valuation methods.

Promote data‑culture through training and knowledge sharing.

3. Data‑Factor Marketization

The national policy (March 2022) calls for a unified data market, requiring clear data ownership, governance, circulation, security, pricing, and transaction mechanisms.

4. Company Introduction – DataEasy (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd.

DataEasy focuses on data‑governance training, assessment, consulting, and product solutions. It participates in drafting national standards such as GB/T 36073‑2018 (DCMM) and GB/T 36344‑2018 (Data Quality).

Core services include:

Data‑management training (CDP certification, internal courses, DCMM assessor training).

DCMM consulting (assessment, capability improvement, system customization).

Data‑governance consulting (framework planning, standard and security design).

Data‑governance products (data inventory, asset catalog, classification, modeling).

The presentation concludes with a thank‑you note.