An Overview of V2X and C‑V2X Technologies and Their Applications in Vehicle‑to‑Everything Communication

V2X (Vehicle‑to‑Everything) aims to enable information exchange between vehicles and any entities that may affect them, encompassing V2V, V2I, V2N, and V2P communication modes to improve safety, reduce congestion, and provide additional services.

The technology offers advantages over traditional sensors by overcoming visual blind spots, sharing real‑time driving status, and enabling predictive algorithms, as illustrated by examples where emergency vehicles can be detected despite obstructions.

Key application scenarios include driving safety services (sharing traffic and accident information), emergency vehicle and pedestrian warnings, automated parking, charging, and fleet cooperation such as platooning for heavy trucks, which reduces fuel consumption, improves traffic flow, and enhances safety.

In heavy‑truck contexts, V2X supports platoon driving, highway merging and exiting, allowing trucks to exchange acceleration, braking, and positional data to coordinate movements efficiently.

The early V2X standard DSRC (Dedicated Short‑Range Communication) based on IEEE 802.11p provides low latency (0.2 ms), long range (up to 1 km), and high data rates (27 Mbit/s), but requires extensive roadside unit deployment.

C‑V2X (Cellular V2X) leverages existing 4G/5G cellular networks, offering broader coverage, lower deployment costs, clear business models, and continuous evolution as part of 5G, addressing DSRC’s limitations.

Case studies such as the partnership between YunManMan and Qingdao FAW reveal real‑world adoption of C‑V2X in logistics, while industry events highlight AI‑driven smart logistics and the role of V2X in autonomous freight transport.

Looking ahead, V2X and C‑V2X are expected to integrate with IoV and ITS, forming the backbone of intelligent transportation systems that enable coordinated, efficient, and safe travel in the 5G era.