20 Practical Python Automation Scripts for Everyday Tasks

1. File Duplicate Finder – Uses file hashes to identify duplicate files by walking a directory, computing MD5 hashes, and listing files with matching hashes.

import os
import hashlib

def file_hash(file_path):
    # 计算文件的 MD5 哈希值
    hash_md5 = hashlib.md5()
    with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
        for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(4096), b""):
            hash_md5.update(chunk)
    return hash_md5.hexdigest()

def find_duplicates(directory):
    # 存储文件的哈希值和路径
    files = {}
    duplicates = []
    for root, _, filenames in os.walk(directory):
        for filename in filenames:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
            file_hash_value = file_hash(file_path)
            if file_hash_value in files:
                duplicates.append((files[file_hash_value], file_path))
            else:
                files[file_hash_value] = file_path
    return duplicates

directory = "/path/to/your/directory"
duplicates = find_duplicates(directory)
for file1, file2 in duplicates:
    print(f"找到重复文件: {file1} 和 {file2}")

2. Automatic Download Folder Organizer – Walks through the download directory and moves files into subfolders based on their extensions.

import os
import shutil

def organize_downloads(download_dir):
    # 定义文件类型和对应的文件夹
    extensions = {
        'Images': ('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif'),
        'Documents': ('.pdf', '.doc', '.docx', '.txt'),
        'Videos': ('.mp4', '.avi', '.mkv'),
        'Music': ('.mp3', '.wav', '.flac'),
        'Others': ()
    }
    for root, _, filenames in os.walk(download_dir):
        for filename in filenames:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
            extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower()
            moved = False
            for folder, exts in extensions.items():
                if extension in exts:
                    target_folder = os.path.join(download_dir, folder)
                    if not os.path.exists(target_folder):
                        os.makedirs(target_folder)
                    shutil.move(file_path, os.path.join(target_folder, filename))
                    moved = True
                    print(f"已移动文件: {file_path} 到 {target_folder}")
                    break
            if not moved:
                target_folder = os.path.join(download_dir, 'Others')
                if not os.path.exists(target_folder):
                    os.makedirs(target_folder)
                shutil.move(file_path, os.path.join(target_folder, filename))
                print(f"已移动文件: {file_path} 到 {target_folder}")

download_dir = "/path/to/your/downloads"
organize_downloads(download_dir)

3. Batch Image Resizer – Uses Pillow to resize all images in a directory to a specified size.

from PIL import Image
import os

def resize_images(directory, output_directory, size=(800, 600)):
    if not os.path.exists(output_directory):
        os.makedirs(output_directory)
    for root, _, filenames in os.walk(directory):
        for filename in filenames:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
            try:
                with Image.open(file_path) as img:
                    img_resized = img.resize(size, Image.ANTIALIAS)
                    output_path = os.path.join(output_directory, filename)
                    img_resized.save(output_path)
                    print(f"已调整大小: {file_path} -> {output_path}")
            except IOError:
                print(f"调整大小失败: {file_path}")

input_directory = "/path/to/your/images"
output_directory = "/path/to/your/resized_images"
resize_images(input_directory, output_directory)

4. Real‑Time Weather Notifier – Retrieves weather data from OpenWeatherMap API at regular intervals and sends macOS notifications.

import requests
import time
import os

API_KEY = 'your_openweathermap_api_key'
CITY = 'YourCity'
URL = f"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={CITY}&appid={API_KEY}&units=metric"

def get_weather():
    # 获取天气数据
    response = requests.get(URL)
    data = response.json()
    if data['cod'] == 200:
        temperature = data['main']['temp']
        description = data['weather'][0]['description']
        return f"温度: {temperature}°C, 描述: {description}"
    else:
        return "获取天气数据失败"

def send_notification(message):
    # 发送 macOS 通知
    os.system(f"osascript -e 'display notification \"{message}\" with title \"天气更新\"'")

while True:
    weather_info = get_weather()
    send_notification(weather_info)
    time.sleep(3600)  # 每小时更新一次

5. Reddit New Post Email Push – Uses PRAW to fetch new Reddit posts and SMTP to email them.

import praw
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

REDDIT_CLIENT_ID = 'your_reddit_client_id'
REDDIT_CLIENT_SECRET = 'your_reddit_client_secret'
REDDIT_USER_AGENT = 'your_user_agent'
EMAIL_ADDRESS = '[email protected]'
EMAIL_PASSWORD = 'your_email_password'
RECIPIENT_EMAIL = '[email protected]'

reddit = praw.Reddit(client_id=REDDIT_CLIENT_ID, client_secret=REDDIT_CLIENT_SECRET, user_agent=REDDIT_USER_AGENT)

def send_email(subject, body):
    # 发送邮件
    msg = MIMEText(body)
    msg['From'] = EMAIL_ADDRESS
    msg['To'] = RECIPIENT_EMAIL
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    with smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', 465) as server:
        server.login(EMAIL_ADDRESS, EMAIL_PASSWORD)
        server.sendmail(EMAIL_ADDRESS, RECIPIENT_EMAIL, msg.as_string())

def check_reddit(subreddit_name, limit=5):
    # 获取 Reddit 新帖
    subreddit = reddit.subreddit(subreddit_name)
    new_posts = []
    for post in subreddit.new(limit=limit):
        new_posts.append(f"标题: {post.title}\n链接: {post.url}\n\n")
    return ''.join(new_posts)

subreddit_name = 'programming'
new_posts = check_reddit(subreddit_name)
send_email(f"r/{subreddit_name} 的新帖子", new_posts)

6. Webpage to EPUB Converter – Extracts article content with BeautifulSoup and creates an EPUB using ebooklib.

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from ebooklib import epub

URL = 'https://example.com/article'
EPUB_NAME = 'article.epub'

def get_web_content(url):
    # 获取网页内容
    response = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
    content = soup.find('div', class_='content').get_text()
    return content

def create_epub(content, epub_name):
    # 创建 EPUB 文件
    book = epub.EpubBook()
    book.set_identifier('id123456')
    book.set_title('文章标题')
    book.set_language('en')
    book.add_author('作者名')
    c1 = epub.EpubHtml(title='第一章', file_name='chap_01.xhtml')
    c1.content = '第一章' + content + ''
    book.add_item(c1)
    book.toc = (epub.Link('chap_01.xhtml', '第一章', 'chap_01'),)
    book.add_item(epub.EpubNcx())
    book.add_item(epub.EpubNav())
    book.spine = ['nav', c1]
    epub.write_epub(epub_name, book, {})

content = get_web_content(URL)
create_epub(content, EPUB_NAME)
print(f"EPUB 文件已生成: {EPUB_NAME}")

7. Text‑to‑Speech – Converts Chinese text to speech using gTTS and plays the resulting MP3.

from gtts import gTTS
import os
text = "你好，这是一个文本转语音的例子。"
language = 'zh-cn'
output_file = 'output.mp3'
tts = gTTS(text=text,)
tts.save(output_file)
os.system(f"start {output_file}")  # 在 Windows 上播放 MP3 文件
print(f"语音文件已生成: {output_file}")

8. Website Availability Checker – Sends HTTP requests with requests library and reports status every five minutes.

import requests
import time

def check_website(url):
    # 检查网站的可用性
    try:
        response = requests.get(url)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            return "网站正常运行。"
        else:
            return f"网站返回状态码: {response.status_code}"
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        return f"网站宕机: {e}"

url = 'https://example.com'
while True:
    status = check_website(url)
    print(status)
    time.sleep(300)  # 每 5 分钟检查一次

9. Cryptocurrency Price Tracker – Retrieves price data from CoinGecko API and prints it at a configurable interval.

import requests
import time

def get_crypto_price(crypto_id, currency='usd'):
    url = f"https://api.coingecko.com/api/v3/simple/price?ids={crypto_id}&vs_currencies={currency}"
    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()
    price = data[crypto_id][currency]
    return price

def track_crypto_price(crypto_id, interval=60):
    while True:
        price = get_crypto_price(crypto_id)
        print(f"{crypto_id} 当前价格: {price} USD")
        time.sleep(interval)

crypto_id = 'bitcoin'
track_crypto_price(crypto_id)

10. Automatic Shutdown After Download Completion – Monitors a target file and shuts down the computer when it appears.

import os
import time

def check_download_complete(download_dir, target_file):
    # 检查下载文件是否完成
    file_path = os.path.join(download_dir, target_file)
    if os.path.exists(file_path):
        return True
    return False

def auto_shutdown(download_dir, target_file, interval=10):
    while True:
        if check_download_complete(download_dir, target_file):
            print("下载完成，即将关机...")
            os.system("shutdown /s /t 1")  # Windows 关机命令
            break
        time.sleep(interval)

download_dir = "/path/to/your/downloads"
target_file = "example.zip"
auto_shutdown(download_dir, target_file)

11. Script Password Protection – Prompts for a password using getpass and runs the script only if the password matches.

import getpass

def password_protect(script_password):
    user_password = getpass.getpass("请输入密码: ")
    if user_password == script_password:
        print("密码正确，脚本开始执行...")
        # 这里放置你的脚本逻辑
    else:
        print("密码错误，脚本终止。")

script_password = "your_password"
password_protect(script_password)

12. CPU Usage Monitor – Uses psutil to report CPU usage periodically.

import psutil
import time

def monitor_cpu_usage(interval=10):
    while True:
        cpu_usage = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
        print(f"当前 CPU 使用率: {cpu_usage}%")
        time.sleep(interval)

monitor_cpu_usage()

13. PDF to Text Converter – Reads a PDF with PyPDF2 and writes its text to a .txt file.

import PyPDF2

def pdf_to_text(pdf_file, text_file):
    with open(pdf_file, 'rb') as file:
        reader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(file)
        text = ""
        for page_num in range(reader.numPages):
            page = reader.getPage(page_num)
            text += page.extractText()
    with open(text_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        file.write(text)
    print(f"PDF 转换完成: {pdf_file} -> {text_file}")

pdf_file = "example.pdf"
text_file = "example.txt"
pdf_to_text(pdf_file, text_file)

14. QR Code Generator – Generates a QR code image from a string using qrcode library.

import qrcode

def generate_qr_code(data, output_file):
    qr = qrcode.QRCode(
        version=1,
        error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_L,
        box_size=10,
        border=4,
    )
    qr.add_data(data)
    qr.make(fit=True)
    img = qr.make_image(fill='black', back_color='white')
    img.save(output_file)
    print(f"二维码已生成: {output_file}")

data = "https://example.com"
output_file = "qrcode.png"
generate_qr_code(data, output_file)

15. YouTube Video Downloader – Downloads a YouTube video at a chosen resolution using pytube.

from pytube import YouTube

def download_youtube_video(url, output_path, resolution='720p'):
    yt = YouTube(url)
    stream = yt.streams.filter(res=resolution).first()
    stream.download(output_path)
    print(f"视频已下载: {url} -> {output_path}")

url = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example"
output_path = "/path/to/your/downloads"
download_youtube_video(url, output_path)

16. Strong Random Password Generator – Creates a random password containing letters, digits, and symbols.

import random
import string

def generate_strong_password(length=12):
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation
    password = ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(length))
    print(f"生成的强密码: {password}")
    return password

generate_strong_password()

17. Real‑Time Stock Price Tracker – Pulls stock quotes from Alpha Vantage API and prints them periodically.

import requests
import time

API_KEY = 'your_alpha_vantage_api_key'
SYMBOL = 'AAPL'
URL = f"https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=GLOBAL_QUOTE&symbol={SYMBOL}&apikey={API_KEY}"

def get_stock_price(symbol):
    response = requests.get(URL)
    data = response.json()
    if 'Global Quote' in data:
        price = data['Global Quote']['05. price']
        return float(price)
    else:
        return None

def track_stock_price(symbol, interval=60):
    while True:
        price = get_stock_price(symbol)
        if price is not None:
            print(f"{symbol} 当前价格: {price} USD")
        else:
            print(f"未能获取 {symbol} 的价格")
        time.sleep(interval)

track_stock_price(SYMBOL)

18. Simple Chatbot – Implements a rule‑based chatbot using regular expressions.

import re

def simple_chatbot():
    print("欢迎来到简单聊天机器人！输入 '退出' 结束对话。")
    while True:
        user_input = input("你: ")
        if user_input.lower() == '退出':
            print("再见！")
            break
        elif re.search(r'\b你好\b', user_input, re.IGNORECASE):
            print("机器人: 你好！有什么我可以帮你的吗？")
        elif re.search(r'\b天气\b', user_input, re.IGNORECASE):
            print("机器人: 今天的天气很好，适合外出。")
        else:
            print("机器人: 对不起，我不太明白你的意思。")

simple_chatbot()

19. Daily Step Tracker – Retrieves step count from Fitbit API at hourly intervals.

import requests
import time

API_KEY = 'your_fitbit_api_key'
USER_ID = 'your_fitbit_user_id'
URL = f"https://api.fitbit.com/1/user/{USER_ID}/activities/steps/date/today/1d.json"

def get_daily_steps():
    headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {API_KEY}'}
    response = requests.get(URL, headers=headers)
    data = response.json()
    if 'activities-steps' in data:
        steps = int(data['activities-steps'][0]['value'])
        return steps
    else:
        return None

def track_daily_steps(interval=3600):
    while True:
        steps = get_daily_steps()
        if steps is not None:
            print(f"今日步数: {steps}")
        else:
            print("未能获取步数数据")
        time.sleep(interval)

track_daily_steps()

20. To‑Do List Manager – Provides add, remove, view, and exit operations for a simple text‑file based to‑do list.

def add_todo(todo, todo_file="todos.txt"):
    with open(todo_file, 'a') as file:
        file.write(todo + '\n')
    print(f"已添加待办事项: {todo}")

def remove_todo(todo, todo_file="todos.txt"):
    with open(todo_file, 'r') as file:
        todos = file.readlines()
    with open(todo_file, 'w') as file:
        for item in todos:
            if item.strip() != todo:
                file.write(item)
    print(f"已删除待办事项: {todo}")

def view_todos(todo_file="todos.txt"):
    with open(todo_file, 'r') as file:
        todos = file.readlines()
    if todos:
        print("待办事项列表:")
        for index, item in enumerate(todos, start=1):
            print(f"{index}. {item.strip()}")
    else:
        print("暂无待办事项。")

def main():
    while True:
        print("\n1. 添加待办事项")
        print("2. 删除待办事项")
        print("3. 查看待办事项")
        print("4. 退出")
        choice = input("请选择操作: ")
        if choice == '1':
            todo = input("请输入待办事项: ")
            add_todo(todo)
        elif choice == '2':
            todo = input("请输入要删除的待办事项: ")
            remove_todo(todo)
        elif choice == '3':
            view_todos()
        elif choice == '4':
            print("再见！")
            break
        else:
            print("无效的选择，请重新输入。")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

These scripts demonstrate practical Python automation techniques that can be adapted and extended for personal productivity, system administration, and lightweight data‑processing tasks.